Add 3rdparty dependencies (used by libsignal)

Hopefully later we can use NPM for them, first want to get things to work

3rdparty/bytebuffer.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3295 @@
+/*
+ Copyright 2013-2014 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+
+ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @license ByteBuffer.js (c) 2013-2014 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+ * This version of ByteBuffer.js uses an ArrayBuffer as its backing buffer which is accessed through a DataView and is
+ * compatible with modern browsers.
+ * Released under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/ByteBuffer.js for details
+ */ //
+(function(global) {
+    "use strict";
+
+    /**
+     * @param {function(new: Long, number, number, boolean=)=} Long
+     * @returns {function(new: ByteBuffer, number=, boolean=, boolean=)}}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    function loadByteBuffer(Long) {
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new ByteBuffer.
+         * @class The swiss army knife for binary data in JavaScript.
+         * @exports ByteBuffer
+         * @constructor
+         * @param {number=} capacity Initial capacity. Defaults to {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_CAPACITY}.
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        var ByteBuffer = function(capacity, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            if (typeof capacity     === 'undefined') capacity     = ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
+            if (typeof littleEndian === 'undefined') littleEndian = ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN;
+            if (typeof noAssert     === 'undefined') noAssert     = ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT;
+            if (!noAssert) {
+                capacity = capacity | 0;
+                if (capacity < 0)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal capacity");
+                littleEndian = !!littleEndian;
+                noAssert = !!noAssert;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Backing buffer.
+             * @type {!ArrayBuffer}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.buffer = capacity === 0 ? EMPTY_BUFFER : new ArrayBuffer(capacity);
+
+            /**
+             * Data view to manipulate the backing buffer. Becomes `null` if the backing buffer has a capacity of `0`.
+             * @type {?DataView}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.view = capacity === 0 ? null : new DataView(this.buffer);
+
+            /**
+             * Absolute read/write offset.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @expose
+             * @see ByteBuffer#flip
+             * @see ByteBuffer#clear
+             */
+            this.offset = 0;
+
+            /**
+             * Marked offset.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @expose
+             * @see ByteBuffer#mark
+             * @see ByteBuffer#reset
+             */
+            this.markedOffset = -1;
+
+            /**
+             * Absolute limit of the contained data. Set to the backing buffer's capacity upon allocation.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @expose
+             * @see ByteBuffer#flip
+             * @see ByteBuffer#clear
+             */
+            this.limit = capacity;
+
+            /**
+             * Whether to use little endian byte order, defaults to `false` for big endian.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.littleEndian = typeof littleEndian !== 'undefined' ? !!littleEndian : false;
+
+            /**
+             * Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values, defaults to `false`.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.noAssert = !!noAssert;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * ByteBuffer version.
+         * @type {string}
+         * @const
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.VERSION = "3.5.5";
+
+        /**
+         * Little endian constant that can be used instead of its boolean value. Evaluates to `true`.
+         * @type {boolean}
+         * @const
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.LITTLE_ENDIAN = true;
+
+        /**
+         * Big endian constant that can be used instead of its boolean value. Evaluates to `false`.
+         * @type {boolean}
+         * @const
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.BIG_ENDIAN = false;
+
+        /**
+         * Default initial capacity of `16`.
+         * @type {number}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16;
+
+        /**
+         * Default endianess of `false` for big endian.
+         * @type {boolean}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN = ByteBuffer.BIG_ENDIAN;
+
+        /**
+         * Default no assertions flag of `false`.
+         * @type {boolean}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT = false;
+
+        /**
+         * A `Long` class for representing a 64-bit two's-complement integer value. May be `null` if Long.js has not been loaded
+         *  and int64 support is not available.
+         * @type {?Long}
+         * @const
+         * @see https://github.com/dcodeIO/Long.js
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.Long = Long || null;
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ByteBuffer.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var ByteBufferPrototype = ByteBuffer.prototype;
+
+        // helpers
+
+        /**
+         * @type {!ArrayBuffer}
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var EMPTY_BUFFER = new ArrayBuffer(0);
+
+        /**
+         * String.fromCharCode reference for compile-time renaming.
+         * @type {function(...number):string}
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var stringFromCharCode = String.fromCharCode;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a source function for a string.
+         * @param {string} s String to read from
+         * @returns {function():number|null} Source function returning the next char code respectively `null` if there are
+         *  no more characters left.
+         * @throws {TypeError} If the argument is invalid
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function stringSource(s) {
+            var i=0; return function() {
+                return i < s.length ? s.charCodeAt(i++) : null;
+            };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a destination function for a string.
+         * @returns {function(number=):undefined|string} Destination function successively called with the next char code.
+         *  Returns the final string when called without arguments.
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function stringDestination() {
+            var cs = [], ps = []; return function() {
+                if (arguments.length === 0)
+                    return ps.join('')+stringFromCharCode.apply(String, cs);
+                if (cs.length + arguments.length > 1024)
+                    ps.push(stringFromCharCode.apply(String, cs)),
+                        cs.length = 0;
+                Array.prototype.push.apply(cs, arguments);
+            };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Allocates a new ByteBuffer backed by a buffer of the specified capacity.
+         * @param {number=} capacity Initial capacity. Defaults to {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_CAPACITY}.
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.allocate = function(capacity, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            return new ByteBuffer(capacity, littleEndian, noAssert);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Concatenates multiple ByteBuffers into one.
+         * @param {!Array.<!ByteBuffer|!ArrayBuffer|!Uint8Array|string>} buffers Buffers to concatenate
+         * @param {(string|boolean)=} encoding String encoding if `buffers` contains a string ("base64", "hex", "binary",
+         *  defaults to "utf8")
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order for the resulting ByteBuffer. Defaults
+         *  to {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values for the resulting ByteBuffer. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} Concatenated ByteBuffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.concat = function(buffers, encoding, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            if (typeof encoding === 'boolean' || typeof encoding !== 'string') {
+                noAssert = littleEndian;
+                littleEndian = encoding;
+                encoding = undefined;
+            }
+            var capacity = 0;
+            for (var i=0, k=buffers.length, length; i<k; ++i) {
+                if (!ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(buffers[i]))
+                    buffers[i] = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffers[i], encoding);
+                length = buffers[i].limit - buffers[i].offset;
+                if (length > 0) capacity += length;
+            }
+            if (capacity === 0)
+                return new ByteBuffer(0, littleEndian, noAssert);
+            var bb = new ByteBuffer(capacity, littleEndian, noAssert),
+                bi;
+            var view = new Uint8Array(bb.buffer);
+            i=0; while (i<k) {
+                bi = buffers[i++];
+                length = bi.limit - bi.offset;
+                if (length <= 0) continue;
+                view.set(new Uint8Array(bi.buffer).subarray(bi.offset, bi.limit), bb.offset);
+                bb.offset += length;
+            }
+            bb.limit = bb.offset;
+            bb.offset = 0;
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Tests if the specified type is a ByteBuffer.
+         * @param {*} bb ByteBuffer to test
+         * @returns {boolean} `true` if it is a ByteBuffer, otherwise `false`
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer = function(bb) {
+            return (bb && bb instanceof ByteBuffer) === true;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Gets the backing buffer type.
+         * @returns {Function} `Buffer` for NB builds, `ArrayBuffer` for AB builds (classes)
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.type = function() {
+            return ArrayBuffer;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Wraps a buffer or a string. Sets the allocated ByteBuffer's {@link ByteBuffer#offset} to `0` and its
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#limit} to the length of the wrapped data.
+         * @param {!ByteBuffer|!ArrayBuffer|!Uint8Array|string|!Array.<number>} buffer Anything that can be wrapped
+         * @param {(string|boolean)=} encoding String encoding if `buffer` is a string ("base64", "hex", "binary", defaults to
+         *  "utf8")
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} A ByteBuffer wrapping `buffer`
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.wrap = function(buffer, encoding, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            if (typeof encoding !== 'string') {
+                noAssert = littleEndian;
+                littleEndian = encoding;
+                encoding = undefined;
+            }
+            if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
+                if (typeof encoding === 'undefined')
+                    encoding = "utf8";
+                switch (encoding) {
+                    case "base64":
+                        return ByteBuffer.fromBase64(buffer, littleEndian);
+                    case "hex":
+                        return ByteBuffer.fromHex(buffer, littleEndian);
+                    case "binary":
+                        return ByteBuffer.fromBinary(buffer, littleEndian);
+                    case "utf8":
+                        return ByteBuffer.fromUTF8(buffer, littleEndian);
+                    case "debug":
+                        return ByteBuffer.fromDebug(buffer, littleEndian);
+                    default:
+                        throw Error("Unsupported encoding: "+encoding);
+                }
+            }
+            if (buffer === null || typeof buffer !== 'object')
+                throw TypeError("Illegal buffer");
+            var bb;
+            if (ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(buffer)) {
+                bb = ByteBufferPrototype.clone.call(buffer);
+                bb.markedOffset = -1;
+                return bb;
+            }
+            if (buffer instanceof Uint8Array) { // Extract ArrayBuffer from Uint8Array
+                bb = new ByteBuffer(0, littleEndian, noAssert);
+                if (buffer.length > 0) { // Avoid references to more than one EMPTY_BUFFER
+                    bb.buffer = buffer.buffer;
+                    bb.offset = buffer.byteOffset;
+                    bb.limit = buffer.byteOffset + buffer.length;
+                    bb.view = buffer.length > 0 ? new DataView(buffer.buffer) : null;
+                }
+            } else if (buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer) { // Reuse ArrayBuffer
+                bb = new ByteBuffer(0, littleEndian, noAssert);
+                if (buffer.byteLength > 0) {
+                    bb.buffer = buffer;
+                    bb.offset = 0;
+                    bb.limit = buffer.byteLength;
+                    bb.view = buffer.byteLength > 0 ? new DataView(buffer) : null;
+                }
+            } else if (Object.prototype.toString.call(buffer) === "[object Array]") { // Create from octets
+                bb = new ByteBuffer(buffer.length, littleEndian, noAssert);
+                bb.limit = buffer.length;
+                for (i=0; i<buffer.length; ++i)
+                    bb.view.setUint8(i, buffer[i]);
+            } else
+                throw TypeError("Illegal buffer"); // Otherwise fail
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        // types/ints/int8
+
+        /**
+         * Writes an 8bit signed integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `1` if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt8 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value |= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 1;
+            var capacity0 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity0)
+                this.resize((capacity0 *= 2) > offset ? capacity0 : offset);
+            offset -= 1;
+            this.view.setInt8(offset, value);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 1;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes an 8bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#writeInt8}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `1` if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeByte = ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt8;
+
+        /**
+         * Reads an 8bit signed integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `1` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readInt8 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 1 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+1+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getInt8(offset);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 1;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads an 8bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#readInt8}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `1` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readByte = ByteBufferPrototype.readInt8;
+
+        /**
+         * Writes an 8bit unsigned integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `1` if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeUint8 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 1;
+            var capacity1 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity1)
+                this.resize((capacity1 *= 2) > offset ? capacity1 : offset);
+            offset -= 1;
+            this.view.setUint8(offset, value);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 1;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads an 8bit unsigned integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `1` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readUint8 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 1 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+1+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getUint8(offset);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 1;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        // types/ints/int16
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 16bit signed integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `2` if omitted.
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `offset` or `value` is not a valid number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset` is out of bounds
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt16 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value |= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 2;
+            var capacity2 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity2)
+                this.resize((capacity2 *= 2) > offset ? capacity2 : offset);
+            offset -= 2;
+            this.view.setInt16(offset, value, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 2;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 16bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#writeInt16}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `2` if omitted.
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `offset` or `value` is not a valid number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset` is out of bounds
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeShort = ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt16;
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 16bit signed integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `2` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `offset` is not a valid number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset` is out of bounds
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readInt16 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 2 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+2+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getInt16(offset, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 2;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 16bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#readInt16}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `2` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `offset` is not a valid number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset` is out of bounds
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readShort = ByteBufferPrototype.readInt16;
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 16bit unsigned integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `2` if omitted.
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `offset` or `value` is not a valid number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset` is out of bounds
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeUint16 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 2;
+            var capacity3 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity3)
+                this.resize((capacity3 *= 2) > offset ? capacity3 : offset);
+            offset -= 2;
+            this.view.setUint16(offset, value, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 2;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 16bit unsigned integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `2` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `offset` is not a valid number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset` is out of bounds
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readUint16 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 2 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+2+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getUint16(offset, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 2;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        // types/ints/int32
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 32bit signed integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt32 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value |= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 4;
+            var capacity4 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity4)
+                this.resize((capacity4 *= 2) > offset ? capacity4 : offset);
+            offset -= 4;
+            this.view.setInt32(offset, value, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 4;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 32bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#writeInt32}.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt = ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt32;
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 32bit signed integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readInt32 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 4 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+4+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getInt32(offset, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 4;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 32bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#readInt32}.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and advance {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readInt = ByteBufferPrototype.readInt32;
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 32bit unsigned integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeUint32 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 4;
+            var capacity5 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity5)
+                this.resize((capacity5 *= 2) > offset ? capacity5 : offset);
+            offset -= 4;
+            this.view.setUint32(offset, value, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 4;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 32bit unsigned integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number} Value read
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readUint32 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 4 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+4+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getUint32(offset, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 4;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        // types/ints/int64
+
+        if (Long) {
+
+            /**
+             * Writes a 64bit signed integer.
+             * @param {number|!Long} value Value to write
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+             * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt64 = function(value, offset) {
+                var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+                if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+                if (!this.noAssert) {
+                    if (typeof value === 'number')
+                        value = Long.fromNumber(value);
+                    else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                        value = Long.fromString(value);
+                    else if (!(value && value instanceof Long))
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer or Long)");
+                    if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                    offset >>>= 0;
+                    if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+                }
+                if (typeof value === 'number')
+                    value = Long.fromNumber(value);
+                else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                    value = Long.fromString(value);
+                offset += 8;
+                var capacity6 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+                if (offset > capacity6)
+                    this.resize((capacity6 *= 2) > offset ? capacity6 : offset);
+                offset -= 8;
+                if (this.littleEndian) {
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset  , value.low , true);
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset+4, value.high, true);
+                } else {
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset  , value.high, false);
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset+4, value.low , false);
+                }
+                if (relative) this.offset += 8;
+                return this;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Writes a 64bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#writeInt64}.
+             * @param {number|!Long} value Value to write
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+             * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.writeLong = ByteBufferPrototype.writeInt64;
+
+            /**
+             * Reads a 64bit signed integer.
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+             * @returns {!Long}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.readInt64 = function(offset) {
+                var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+                if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+                if (!this.noAssert) {
+                    if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                    offset >>>= 0;
+                    if (offset < 0 || offset + 8 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+8+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+                }
+                var value = this.littleEndian
+                    ? new Long(this.view.getInt32(offset  , true ), this.view.getInt32(offset+4, true ), false)
+                    : new Long(this.view.getInt32(offset+4, false), this.view.getInt32(offset  , false), false);
+                if (relative) this.offset += 8;
+                return value;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Reads a 64bit signed integer. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#readInt64}.
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+             * @returns {!Long}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.readLong = ByteBufferPrototype.readInt64;
+
+            /**
+             * Writes a 64bit unsigned integer.
+             * @param {number|!Long} value Value to write
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+             * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.writeUint64 = function(value, offset) {
+                var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+                if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+                if (!this.noAssert) {
+                    if (typeof value === 'number')
+                        value = Long.fromNumber(value);
+                    else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                        value = Long.fromString(value);
+                    else if (!(value && value instanceof Long))
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer or Long)");
+                    if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                    offset >>>= 0;
+                    if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+                }
+                if (typeof value === 'number')
+                    value = Long.fromNumber(value);
+                else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                    value = Long.fromString(value);
+                offset += 8;
+                var capacity7 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+                if (offset > capacity7)
+                    this.resize((capacity7 *= 2) > offset ? capacity7 : offset);
+                offset -= 8;
+                if (this.littleEndian) {
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset  , value.low , true);
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset+4, value.high, true);
+                } else {
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset  , value.high, false);
+                    this.view.setInt32(offset+4, value.low , false);
+                }
+                if (relative) this.offset += 8;
+                return this;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Reads a 64bit unsigned integer.
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+             * @returns {!Long}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.readUint64 = function(offset) {
+                var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+                if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+                if (!this.noAssert) {
+                    if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                    offset >>>= 0;
+                    if (offset < 0 || offset + 8 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+8+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+                }
+                var value = this.littleEndian
+                    ? new Long(this.view.getInt32(offset  , true ), this.view.getInt32(offset+4, true ), true)
+                    : new Long(this.view.getInt32(offset+4, false), this.view.getInt32(offset  , false), true);
+                if (relative) this.offset += 8;
+                return value;
+            };
+
+        } // Long
+
+
+        // types/floats/float32
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 32bit float.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeFloat32 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not a number)");
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 4;
+            var capacity8 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity8)
+                this.resize((capacity8 *= 2) > offset ? capacity8 : offset);
+            offset -= 4;
+            this.view.setFloat32(offset, value, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 4;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 32bit float. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#writeFloat32}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeFloat = ByteBufferPrototype.writeFloat32;
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 32bit float.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readFloat32 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 4 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+4+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getFloat32(offset, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 4;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 32bit float. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#readFloat32}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `4` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readFloat = ByteBufferPrototype.readFloat32;
+
+        // types/floats/float64
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 64bit float.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeFloat64 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not a number)");
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            offset += 8;
+            var capacity9 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity9)
+                this.resize((capacity9 *= 2) > offset ? capacity9 : offset);
+            offset -= 8;
+            this.view.setFloat64(offset, value, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 8;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 64bit float. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#writeFloat64}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeDouble = ByteBufferPrototype.writeFloat64;
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 64bit float.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readFloat64 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 8 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+8+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var value = this.view.getFloat64(offset, this.littleEndian);
+            if (relative) this.offset += 8;
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 64bit float. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#readFloat64}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by `8` if omitted.
+         * @returns {number}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readDouble = ByteBufferPrototype.readFloat64;
+
+
+        // types/varints/varint32
+
+        /**
+         * Maximum number of bytes required to store a 32bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+         * @type {number}
+         * @const
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.MAX_VARINT32_BYTES = 5;
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates the actual number of bytes required to store a 32bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to encode
+         * @returns {number} Number of bytes required. Capped to {@link ByteBuffer.MAX_VARINT32_BYTES}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32 = function(value) {
+            // ref: src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+            value = value >>> 0;
+                 if (value < 1 << 7 ) return 1;
+            else if (value < 1 << 14) return 2;
+            else if (value < 1 << 21) return 3;
+            else if (value < 1 << 28) return 4;
+            else                      return 5;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Zigzag encodes a signed 32bit integer so that it can be effectively used with varint encoding.
+         * @param {number} n Signed 32bit integer
+         * @returns {number} Unsigned zigzag encoded 32bit integer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode32 = function(n) {
+            return (((n |= 0) << 1) ^ (n >> 31)) >>> 0; // ref: src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes a zigzag encoded signed 32bit integer.
+         * @param {number} n Unsigned zigzag encoded 32bit integer
+         * @returns {number} Signed 32bit integer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.zigZagDecode32 = function(n) {
+            return ((n >>> 1) ^ -(n & 1)) | 0; // // ref: src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a 32bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  written if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} this if `offset` is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeVarint32 = function(value, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value |= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var size = ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value),
+                b;
+            offset += size;
+            var capacity10 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity10)
+                this.resize((capacity10 *= 2) > offset ? capacity10 : offset);
+            offset -= size;
+            // ref: http://code.google.com/searchframe#WTeibokF6gE/trunk/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+            this.view.setUint8(offset, b = value | 0x80);
+            value >>>= 0;
+            if (value >= 1 << 7) {
+                b = (value >> 7) | 0x80;
+                this.view.setUint8(offset+1, b);
+                if (value >= 1 << 14) {
+                    b = (value >> 14) | 0x80;
+                    this.view.setUint8(offset+2, b);
+                    if (value >= 1 << 21) {
+                        b = (value >> 21) | 0x80;
+                        this.view.setUint8(offset+3, b);
+                        if (value >= 1 << 28) {
+                            this.view.setUint8(offset+4, (value >> 28) & 0x0F);
+                            size = 5;
+                        } else {
+                            this.view.setUint8(offset+3, b & 0x7F);
+                            size = 4;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        this.view.setUint8(offset+2, b & 0x7F);
+                        size = 3;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    this.view.setUint8(offset+1, b & 0x7F);
+                    size = 2;
+                }
+            } else {
+                this.view.setUint8(offset, b & 0x7F);
+                size = 1;
+            }
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset += size;
+                return this;
+            }
+            return size;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a zig-zag encoded 32bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+         * @param {number} value Value to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  written if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} this if `offset` is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeVarint32ZigZag = function(value, offset) {
+            return this.writeVarint32(ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode32(value), offset);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a 32bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  written if omitted.
+         * @returns {number|!{value: number, length: number}} The value read if offset is omitted, else the value read
+         *  and the actual number of bytes read.
+         * @throws {Error} If it's not a valid varint. Has a property `truncated = true` if there is not enough data available
+         *  to fully decode the varint.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readVarint32 = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 1 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+1+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            // ref: src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+            var size = 0,
+                value = 0 >>> 0,
+                temp,
+                ioffset;
+            do {
+                ioffset = offset+size;
+                if (!this.noAssert && ioffset > this.limit) {
+                    var err = Error("Truncated");
+                    err['truncated'] = true;
+                    throw err;
+                }
+                temp = this.view.getUint8(ioffset);
+                if (size < 5)
+                    value |= ((temp&0x7F)<<(7*size)) >>> 0;
+                ++size;
+            } while ((temp & 0x80) === 0x80);
+            value = value | 0; // Make sure to discard the higher order bits
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset += size;
+                return value;
+            }
+            return {
+                "value": value,
+                "length": size
+            };
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a zig-zag encoded 32bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  written if omitted.
+         * @returns {number|!{value: number, length: number}} The value read if offset is omitted, else the value read
+         *  and the actual number of bytes read.
+         * @throws {Error} If it's not a valid varint
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readVarint32ZigZag = function(offset) {
+            var val = this.readVarint32(offset);
+            if (typeof val === 'object')
+                val["value"] = ByteBuffer.zigZagDecode32(val["value"]);
+            else
+                val = ByteBuffer.zigZagDecode32(val);
+            return val;
+        };
+
+        // types/varints/varint64
+
+        if (Long) {
+
+            /**
+             * Maximum number of bytes required to store a 64bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @const
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBuffer.MAX_VARINT64_BYTES = 10;
+
+            /**
+             * Calculates the actual number of bytes required to store a 64bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+             * @param {number|!Long} value Value to encode
+             * @returns {number} Number of bytes required. Capped to {@link ByteBuffer.MAX_VARINT64_BYTES}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64 = function(value) {
+                if (typeof value === 'number')
+                    value = Long.fromNumber(value);
+                else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                    value = Long.fromString(value);
+                // ref: src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+                var part0 = value.toInt() >>> 0,
+                    part1 = value.shiftRightUnsigned(28).toInt() >>> 0,
+                    part2 = value.shiftRightUnsigned(56).toInt() >>> 0;
+                if (part2 == 0) {
+                    if (part1 == 0) {
+                        if (part0 < 1 << 14)
+                            return part0 < 1 << 7 ? 1 : 2;
+                        else
+                            return part0 < 1 << 21 ? 3 : 4;
+                    } else {
+                        if (part1 < 1 << 14)
+                            return part1 < 1 << 7 ? 5 : 6;
+                        else
+                            return part1 < 1 << 21 ? 7 : 8;
+                    }
+                } else
+                    return part2 < 1 << 7 ? 9 : 10;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Zigzag encodes a signed 64bit integer so that it can be effectively used with varint encoding.
+             * @param {number|!Long} value Signed long
+             * @returns {!Long} Unsigned zigzag encoded long
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode64 = function(value) {
+                if (typeof value === 'number')
+                    value = Long.fromNumber(value, false);
+                else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                    value = Long.fromString(value, false);
+                else if (value.unsigned !== false) value = value.toSigned();
+                // ref: src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
+                return value.shiftLeft(1).xor(value.shiftRight(63)).toUnsigned();
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Decodes a zigzag encoded signed 64bit integer.
+             * @param {!Long|number} value Unsigned zigzag encoded long or JavaScript number
+             * @returns {!Long} Signed long
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBuffer.zigZagDecode64 = function(value) {
+                if (typeof value === 'number')
+                    value = Long.fromNumber(value, false);
+                else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                    value = Long.fromString(value, false);
+                else if (value.unsigned !== false) value = value.toSigned();
+                // ref: src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
+                return value.shiftRightUnsigned(1).xor(value.and(Long.ONE).toSigned().negate()).toSigned();
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Writes a 64bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+             * @param {number|Long} value Value to write
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+             *  written if omitted.
+             * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} `this` if offset is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written.
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.writeVarint64 = function(value, offset) {
+                var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+                if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+                if (!this.noAssert) {
+                    if (typeof value === 'number')
+                        value = Long.fromNumber(value);
+                    else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                        value = Long.fromString(value);
+                    else if (!(value && value instanceof Long))
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer or Long)");
+                    if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                    offset >>>= 0;
+                    if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+                }
+                if (typeof value === 'number')
+                    value = Long.fromNumber(value, false);
+                else if (typeof value === 'string')
+                    value = Long.fromString(value, false);
+                else if (value.unsigned !== false) value = value.toSigned();
+                var size = ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64(value),
+                    part0 = value.toInt() >>> 0,
+                    part1 = value.shiftRightUnsigned(28).toInt() >>> 0,
+                    part2 = value.shiftRightUnsigned(56).toInt() >>> 0;
+                offset += size;
+                var capacity11 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+                if (offset > capacity11)
+                    this.resize((capacity11 *= 2) > offset ? capacity11 : offset);
+                offset -= size;
+                switch (size) {
+                    case 10: this.view.setUint8(offset+9, (part2 >>>  7) & 0x01);
+                    case 9 : this.view.setUint8(offset+8, size !== 9 ? (part2       ) | 0x80 : (part2       ) & 0x7F);
+                    case 8 : this.view.setUint8(offset+7, size !== 8 ? (part1 >>> 21) | 0x80 : (part1 >>> 21) & 0x7F);
+                    case 7 : this.view.setUint8(offset+6, size !== 7 ? (part1 >>> 14) | 0x80 : (part1 >>> 14) & 0x7F);
+                    case 6 : this.view.setUint8(offset+5, size !== 6 ? (part1 >>>  7) | 0x80 : (part1 >>>  7) & 0x7F);
+                    case 5 : this.view.setUint8(offset+4, size !== 5 ? (part1       ) | 0x80 : (part1       ) & 0x7F);
+                    case 4 : this.view.setUint8(offset+3, size !== 4 ? (part0 >>> 21) | 0x80 : (part0 >>> 21) & 0x7F);
+                    case 3 : this.view.setUint8(offset+2, size !== 3 ? (part0 >>> 14) | 0x80 : (part0 >>> 14) & 0x7F);
+                    case 2 : this.view.setUint8(offset+1, size !== 2 ? (part0 >>>  7) | 0x80 : (part0 >>>  7) & 0x7F);
+                    case 1 : this.view.setUint8(offset  , size !== 1 ? (part0       ) | 0x80 : (part0       ) & 0x7F);
+                }
+                if (relative) {
+                    this.offset += size;
+                    return this;
+                } else {
+                    return size;
+                }
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Writes a zig-zag encoded 64bit base 128 variable-length integer.
+             * @param {number|Long} value Value to write
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+             *  written if omitted.
+             * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} `this` if offset is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written.
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.writeVarint64ZigZag = function(value, offset) {
+                return this.writeVarint64(ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode64(value), offset);
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Reads a 64bit base 128 variable-length integer. Requires Long.js.
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+             *  read if omitted.
+             * @returns {!Long|!{value: Long, length: number}} The value read if offset is omitted, else the value read and
+             *  the actual number of bytes read.
+             * @throws {Error} If it's not a valid varint
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.readVarint64 = function(offset) {
+                var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+                if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+                if (!this.noAssert) {
+                    if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                    offset >>>= 0;
+                    if (offset < 0 || offset + 1 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+1+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+                }
+                // ref: src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+                var start = offset,
+                    part0 = 0,
+                    part1 = 0,
+                    part2 = 0,
+                    b  = 0;
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part0  = (b & 0x7F)      ; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part0 |= (b & 0x7F) <<  7; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part0 |= (b & 0x7F) << 14; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part0 |= (b & 0x7F) << 21; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part1  = (b & 0x7F)      ; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part1 |= (b & 0x7F) <<  7; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part1 |= (b & 0x7F) << 14; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part1 |= (b & 0x7F) << 21; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part2  = (b & 0x7F)      ; if (b & 0x80) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(offset++); part2 |= (b & 0x7F) <<  7; if (b & 0x80) {
+                throw Error("Buffer overrun"); }}}}}}}}}}
+                var value = Long.fromBits(part0 | (part1 << 28), (part1 >>> 4) | (part2) << 24, false);
+                if (relative) {
+                    this.offset = offset;
+                    return value;
+                } else {
+                    return {
+                        'value': value,
+                        'length': offset-start
+                    };
+                }
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Reads a zig-zag encoded 64bit base 128 variable-length integer. Requires Long.js.
+             * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+             *  read if omitted.
+             * @returns {!Long|!{value: Long, length: number}} The value read if offset is omitted, else the value read and
+             *  the actual number of bytes read.
+             * @throws {Error} If it's not a valid varint
+             * @expose
+             */
+            ByteBufferPrototype.readVarint64ZigZag = function(offset) {
+                var val = this.readVarint64(offset);
+                if (val && val['value'] instanceof Long)
+                    val["value"] = ByteBuffer.zigZagDecode64(val["value"]);
+                else
+                    val = ByteBuffer.zigZagDecode64(val);
+                return val;
+            };
+
+        } // Long
+
+
+        // types/strings/cstring
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a NULL-terminated UTF8 encoded string. For this to work the specified string must not contain any NULL
+         *  characters itself.
+         * @param {string} str String to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  contained in `str` + 1 if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} this if offset is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeCString = function(str, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            var i,
+                k = str.length;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof str !== 'string')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a string");
+                for (i=0; i<k; ++i) {
+                    if (str.charCodeAt(i) === 0)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal str: Contains NULL-characters");
+                }
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            // UTF8 strings do not contain zero bytes in between except for the zero character, so:
+            k = utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8(stringSource(str))[1];
+            offset += k+1;
+            var capacity12 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity12)
+                this.resize((capacity12 *= 2) > offset ? capacity12 : offset);
+            offset -= k+1;
+            utfx.encodeUTF16toUTF8(stringSource(str), function(b) {
+                this.view.setUint8(offset++, b);
+            }.bind(this));
+            this.view.setUint8(offset++, 0);
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset = offset;
+                return this;
+            }
+            return k;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a NULL-terminated UTF8 encoded string. For this to work the string read must not contain any NULL characters
+         *  itself.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  read if omitted.
+         * @returns {string|!{string: string, length: number}} The string read if offset is omitted, else the string
+         *  read and the actual number of bytes read.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readCString = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 1 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+1+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var start = offset,
+                temp;
+            // UTF8 strings do not contain zero bytes in between except for the zero character itself, so:
+            var sd, b = -1;
+            utfx.decodeUTF8toUTF16(function() {
+                if (b === 0) return null;
+                if (offset >= this.limit)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: Truncated data, "+offset+" < "+this.limit);
+                return (b = this.view.getUint8(offset++)) === 0 ? null : b;
+            }.bind(this), sd = stringDestination(), true);
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset = offset;
+                return sd();
+            } else {
+                return {
+                    "string": sd(),
+                    "length": offset - start
+                };
+            }
+        };
+
+        // types/strings/istring
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a length as uint32 prefixed UTF8 encoded string.
+         * @param {string} str String to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  written if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} `this` if `offset` is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written
+         * @expose
+         * @see ByteBuffer#writeVarint32
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeIString = function(str, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof str !== 'string')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a string");
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var start = offset,
+                k;
+            k = utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8(stringSource(str), this.noAssert)[1];
+            offset += 4+k;
+            var capacity13 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity13)
+                this.resize((capacity13 *= 2) > offset ? capacity13 : offset);
+            offset -= 4+k;
+            this.view.setUint32(offset, k, this.littleEndian);
+            offset += 4;
+            utfx.encodeUTF16toUTF8(stringSource(str), function(b) {
+                this.view.setUint8(offset++, b);
+            }.bind(this));
+            if (offset !== start + 4 + k)
+                throw RangeError("Illegal range: Truncated data, "+offset+" == "+(offset+4+k));
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset = offset;
+                return this;
+            }
+            return offset - start;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a length as uint32 prefixed UTF8 encoded string.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  read if omitted.
+         * @returns {string|!{string: string, length: number}} The string read if offset is omitted, else the string
+         *  read and the actual number of bytes read.
+         * @expose
+         * @see ByteBuffer#readVarint32
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readIString = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 4 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+4+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var temp = 0,
+                start = offset,
+                str;
+            temp = this.view.getUint32(offset, this.littleEndian);
+            offset += 4;
+            var k = offset + temp,
+                sd;
+            utfx.decodeUTF8toUTF16(function() {
+                return offset < k ? this.view.getUint8(offset++) : null;
+            }.bind(this), sd = stringDestination(), this.noAssert);
+            str = sd();
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset = offset;
+                return str;
+            } else {
+                return {
+                    'string': str,
+                    'length': offset - start
+                };
+            }
+        };
+
+        // types/strings/utf8string
+
+        /**
+         * Metrics representing number of UTF8 characters. Evaluates to `c`.
+         * @type {string}
+         * @const
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.METRICS_CHARS = 'c';
+
+        /**
+         * Metrics representing number of bytes. Evaluates to `b`.
+         * @type {string}
+         * @const
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.METRICS_BYTES = 'b';
+
+        /**
+         * Writes an UTF8 encoded string.
+         * @param {string} str String to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} this if offset is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeUTF8String = function(str, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var k;
+            var start = offset;
+            k = utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8(stringSource(str))[1];
+            offset += k;
+            var capacity14 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity14)
+                this.resize((capacity14 *= 2) > offset ? capacity14 : offset);
+            offset -= k;
+            utfx.encodeUTF16toUTF8(stringSource(str), function(b) {
+                this.view.setUint8(offset++, b);
+            }.bind(this));
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset = offset;
+                return this;
+            }
+            return offset - start;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Writes an UTF8 encoded string. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#writeUTF8String}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {string} str String to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} this if offset is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeString = ByteBufferPrototype.writeUTF8String;
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates the number of UTF8 characters of a string. JavaScript itself uses UTF-16, so that a string's
+         *  `length` property does not reflect its actual UTF8 size if it contains code points larger than 0xFFFF.
+         * @function
+         * @param {string} str String to calculate
+         * @returns {number} Number of UTF8 characters
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.calculateUTF8Chars = function(str) {
+            return utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8(stringSource(str))[0];
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates the number of UTF8 bytes of a string.
+         * @function
+         * @param {string} str String to calculate
+         * @returns {number} Number of UTF8 bytes
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.calculateUTF8Bytes = function(str) {
+            return utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8(stringSource(str))[1];
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads an UTF8 encoded string.
+         * @param {number} length Number of characters or bytes to read.
+         * @param {string=} metrics Metrics specifying what `length` is meant to count. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.METRICS_CHARS}.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  read if omitted.
+         * @returns {string|!{string: string, length: number}} The string read if offset is omitted, else the string
+         *  read and the actual number of bytes read.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readUTF8String = function(length, metrics, offset) {
+            if (typeof metrics === 'number') {
+                offset = metrics;
+                metrics = undefined;
+            }
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (typeof metrics === 'undefined') metrics = ByteBuffer.METRICS_CHARS;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof length !== 'number' || length % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal length: "+length+" (not an integer)");
+                length |= 0;
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var i = 0,
+                start = offset,
+                sd;
+            if (metrics === ByteBuffer.METRICS_CHARS) { // The same for node and the browser
+                sd = stringDestination();
+                utfx.decodeUTF8(function() {
+                    return i < length && offset < this.limit ? this.view.getUint8(offset++) : null;
+                }.bind(this), function(cp) {
+                    ++i; utfx.UTF8toUTF16(cp, sd);
+                }.bind(this));
+                if (i !== length)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: Truncated data, "+i+" == "+length);
+                if (relative) {
+                    this.offset = offset;
+                    return sd();
+                } else {
+                    return {
+                        "string": sd(),
+                        "length": offset - start
+                    };
+                }
+            } else if (metrics === ByteBuffer.METRICS_BYTES) {
+                if (!this.noAssert) {
+                    if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                    offset >>>= 0;
+                    if (offset < 0 || offset + length > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                        throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+length+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+                }
+                var k = offset + length;
+                utfx.decodeUTF8toUTF16(function() {
+                    return offset < k ? this.view.getUint8(offset++) : null;
+                }.bind(this), sd = stringDestination(), this.noAssert);
+                if (offset !== k)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: Truncated data, "+offset+" == "+k);
+                if (relative) {
+                    this.offset = offset;
+                    return sd();
+                } else {
+                    return {
+                        'string': sd(),
+                        'length': offset - start
+                    };
+                }
+            } else
+                throw TypeError("Unsupported metrics: "+metrics);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads an UTF8 encoded string. This is an alias of {@link ByteBuffer#readUTF8String}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {number} length Number of characters or bytes to read
+         * @param {number=} metrics Metrics specifying what `n` is meant to count. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.METRICS_CHARS}.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  read if omitted.
+         * @returns {string|!{string: string, length: number}} The string read if offset is omitted, else the string
+         *  read and the actual number of bytes read.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readString = ByteBufferPrototype.readUTF8String;
+
+        // types/strings/vstring
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a length as varint32 prefixed UTF8 encoded string.
+         * @param {string} str String to write
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to write to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  written if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer|number} `this` if `offset` is omitted, else the actual number of bytes written
+         * @expose
+         * @see ByteBuffer#writeVarint32
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.writeVString = function(str, offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof str !== 'string')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a string");
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var start = offset,
+                k, l;
+            k = utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8(stringSource(str), this.noAssert)[1];
+            l = ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(k);
+            offset += l+k;
+            var capacity15 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity15)
+                this.resize((capacity15 *= 2) > offset ? capacity15 : offset);
+            offset -= l+k;
+            offset += this.writeVarint32(k, offset);
+            utfx.encodeUTF16toUTF8(stringSource(str), function(b) {
+                this.view.setUint8(offset++, b);
+            }.bind(this));
+            if (offset !== start+k+l)
+                throw RangeError("Illegal range: Truncated data, "+offset+" == "+(offset+k+l));
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset = offset;
+                return this;
+            }
+            return offset - start;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a length as varint32 prefixed UTF8 encoded string.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to read from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  read if omitted.
+         * @returns {string|!{string: string, length: number}} The string read if offset is omitted, else the string
+         *  read and the actual number of bytes read.
+         * @expose
+         * @see ByteBuffer#readVarint32
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.readVString = function(offset) {
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 1 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+1+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var temp = this.readVarint32(offset),
+                start = offset,
+                str;
+            offset += temp['length'];
+            temp = temp['value'];
+            var k = offset + temp,
+                sd = stringDestination();
+            utfx.decodeUTF8toUTF16(function() {
+                return offset < k ? this.view.getUint8(offset++) : null;
+            }.bind(this), sd, this.noAssert);
+            str = sd();
+            if (relative) {
+                this.offset = offset;
+                return str;
+            } else {
+                return {
+                    'string': str,
+                    'length': offset - start
+                };
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        /**
+         * Appends some data to this ByteBuffer. This will overwrite any contents behind the specified offset up to the appended
+         *  data's length.
+         * @param {!ByteBuffer|!ArrayBuffer|!Uint8Array|string} source Data to append. If `source` is a ByteBuffer, its offsets
+         *  will be modified according to the performed read operation.
+         * @param {(string|number)=} encoding Encoding if `data` is a string ("base64", "hex", "binary", defaults to "utf8")
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to append at. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  read if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         * @example A relative `<01 02>03.append(<04 05>)` will result in `<01 02 04 05>, 04 05|`
+         * @example An absolute `<01 02>03.append(04 05>, 1)` will result in `<01 04>05, 04 05|`
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.append = function(source, encoding, offset) {
+            if (typeof encoding === 'number' || typeof encoding !== 'string') {
+                offset = encoding;
+                encoding = undefined;
+            }
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            if (!(source instanceof ByteBuffer))
+                source = ByteBuffer.wrap(source, encoding);
+            var length = source.limit - source.offset;
+            if (length <= 0) return this; // Nothing to append
+            offset += length;
+            var capacity16 = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (offset > capacity16)
+                this.resize((capacity16 *= 2) > offset ? capacity16 : offset);
+            offset -= length;
+            new Uint8Array(this.buffer, offset).set(new Uint8Array(source.buffer).subarray(source.offset, source.limit));
+            source.offset += length;
+            if (relative) this.offset += length;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Appends this ByteBuffer's contents to another ByteBuffer. This will overwrite any contents at and after the
+            specified offset up to the length of this ByteBuffer's data.
+         * @param {!ByteBuffer} target Target ByteBuffer
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to append to. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  read if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         * @see ByteBuffer#append
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.appendTo = function(target, offset) {
+            target.append(this, offset);
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables assertions of argument types and offsets. Assertions are enabled by default but you can opt to
+         *  disable them if your code already makes sure that everything is valid.
+         * @param {boolean} assert `true` to enable assertions, otherwise `false`
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.assert = function(assert) {
+            this.noAssert = !assert;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the capacity of this ByteBuffer's backing buffer.
+         * @returns {number} Capacity of the backing buffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.capacity = function() {
+            return this.buffer.byteLength;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Clears this ByteBuffer's offsets by setting {@link ByteBuffer#offset} to `0` and {@link ByteBuffer#limit} to the
+         *  backing buffer's capacity. Discards {@link ByteBuffer#markedOffset}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.clear = function() {
+            this.offset = 0;
+            this.limit = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            this.markedOffset = -1;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a cloned instance of this ByteBuffer, preset with this ByteBuffer's values for {@link ByteBuffer#offset},
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#markedOffset} and {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @param {boolean=} copy Whether to copy the backing buffer or to return another view on the same, defaults to `false`
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} Cloned instance
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.clone = function(copy) {
+            var bb = new ByteBuffer(0, this.littleEndian, this.noAssert);
+            if (copy) {
+                var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(this.buffer.byteLength);
+                new Uint8Array(buffer).set(this.buffer);
+                bb.buffer = buffer;
+                bb.view = new DataView(buffer);
+            } else {
+                bb.buffer = this.buffer;
+                bb.view = this.view;
+            }
+            bb.offset = this.offset;
+            bb.markedOffset = this.markedOffset;
+            bb.limit = this.limit;
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Compacts this ByteBuffer to be backed by a {@link ByteBuffer#buffer} of its contents' length. Contents are the bytes
+         *  between {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and {@link ByteBuffer#limit}. Will set `offset = 0` and `limit = capacity` and
+         *  adapt {@link ByteBuffer#markedOffset} to the same relative position if set.
+         * @param {number=} begin Offset to start at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}
+         * @param {number=} end Offset to end at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.compact = function(begin, end) {
+            if (typeof begin === 'undefined') begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof end === 'undefined') end = this.limit;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            if (begin === 0 && end === this.buffer.byteLength)
+                return this; // Already compacted
+            var len = end - begin;
+            if (len === 0) {
+                this.buffer = EMPTY_BUFFER;
+                this.view = null;
+                if (this.markedOffset >= 0) this.markedOffset -= begin;
+                this.offset = 0;
+                this.limit = 0;
+                return this;
+            }
+            var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(len);
+            new Uint8Array(buffer).set(new Uint8Array(this.buffer).subarray(begin, end));
+            this.buffer = buffer;
+            this.view = new DataView(buffer);
+            if (this.markedOffset >= 0) this.markedOffset -= begin;
+            this.offset = 0;
+            this.limit = len;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a copy of this ByteBuffer's contents. Contents are the bytes between {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @param {number=} begin Begin offset, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}.
+         * @param {number=} end End offset, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} Copy
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.copy = function(begin, end) {
+            if (typeof begin === 'undefined') begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof end === 'undefined') end = this.limit;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            if (begin === end)
+                return new ByteBuffer(0, this.littleEndian, this.noAssert);
+            var capacity = end - begin,
+                bb = new ByteBuffer(capacity, this.littleEndian, this.noAssert);
+            bb.offset = 0;
+            bb.limit = capacity;
+            if (bb.markedOffset >= 0) bb.markedOffset -= begin;
+            this.copyTo(bb, 0, begin, end);
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Copies this ByteBuffer's contents to another ByteBuffer. Contents are the bytes between {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @param {!ByteBuffer} target Target ByteBuffer
+         * @param {number=} targetOffset Offset to copy to. Will use and increase the target's {@link ByteBuffer#offset}
+         *  by the number of bytes copied if omitted.
+         * @param {number=} sourceOffset Offset to start copying from. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the
+         *  number of bytes copied if omitted.
+         * @param {number=} sourceLimit Offset to end copying from, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.copyTo = function(target, targetOffset, sourceOffset, sourceLimit) {
+            var relative,
+                targetRelative;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (!ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(target))
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal target: Not a ByteBuffer");
+            }
+            targetOffset = (targetRelative = typeof targetOffset === 'undefined') ? target.offset : targetOffset | 0;
+            sourceOffset = (relative = typeof sourceOffset === 'undefined') ? this.offset : sourceOffset | 0;
+            sourceLimit = typeof sourceLimit === 'undefined' ? this.limit : sourceLimit | 0;
+
+            if (targetOffset < 0 || targetOffset > target.buffer.byteLength)
+                throw RangeError("Illegal target range: 0 <= "+targetOffset+" <= "+target.buffer.byteLength);
+            if (sourceOffset < 0 || sourceLimit > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                throw RangeError("Illegal source range: 0 <= "+sourceOffset+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+
+            var len = sourceLimit - sourceOffset;
+            if (len === 0)
+                return target; // Nothing to copy
+
+            target.ensureCapacity(targetOffset + len);
+
+            new Uint8Array(target.buffer).set(new Uint8Array(this.buffer).subarray(sourceOffset, sourceLimit), targetOffset);
+
+            if (relative) this.offset += len;
+            if (targetRelative) target.offset += len;
+
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Makes sure that this ByteBuffer is backed by a {@link ByteBuffer#buffer} of at least the specified capacity. If the
+         *  current capacity is exceeded, it will be doubled. If double the current capacity is less than the required capacity,
+         *  the required capacity will be used instead.
+         * @param {number} capacity Required capacity
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.ensureCapacity = function(capacity) {
+            var current = this.buffer.byteLength;
+            if (current < capacity)
+                return this.resize((current *= 2) > capacity ? current : capacity);
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Overwrites this ByteBuffer's contents with the specified value. Contents are the bytes between
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @param {number|string} value Byte value to fill with. If given as a string, the first character is used.
+         * @param {number=} begin Begin offset. Will use and increase {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  written if omitted. defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}.
+         * @param {number=} end End offset, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         * @example `someByteBuffer.clear().fill(0)` fills the entire backing buffer with zeroes
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.fill = function(value, begin, end) {
+            var relative = typeof begin === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0)
+                value = value.charCodeAt(0);
+            if (typeof begin === 'undefined') begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof end === 'undefined') end = this.limit;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof value !== 'number' || value % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal value: "+value+" (not an integer)");
+                value |= 0;
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            if (begin >= end)
+                return this; // Nothing to fill
+            while (begin < end) this.view.setUint8(begin++, value);
+            if (relative) this.offset = begin;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Makes this ByteBuffer ready for a new sequence of write or relative read operations. Sets `limit = offset` and
+         *  `offset = 0`. Make sure always to flip a ByteBuffer when all relative read or write operations are complete.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.flip = function() {
+            this.limit = this.offset;
+            this.offset = 0;
+            return this;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Marks an offset on this ByteBuffer to be used later.
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to mark. Defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `offset` is not a valid number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset` is out of bounds
+         * @see ByteBuffer#reset
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.mark = function(offset) {
+            offset = typeof offset === 'undefined' ? this.offset : offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            this.markedOffset = offset;
+            return this;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Sets the byte order.
+         * @param {boolean} littleEndian `true` for little endian byte order, `false` for big endian
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.order = function(littleEndian) {
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof littleEndian !== 'boolean')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal littleEndian: Not a boolean");
+            }
+            this.littleEndian = !!littleEndian;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Switches (to) little endian byte order.
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Defaults to `true`, otherwise uses big endian
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.LE = function(littleEndian) {
+            this.littleEndian = typeof littleEndian !== 'undefined' ? !!littleEndian : true;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Switches (to) big endian byte order.
+         * @param {boolean=} bigEndian Defaults to `true`, otherwise uses little endian
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.BE = function(bigEndian) {
+            this.littleEndian = typeof bigEndian !== 'undefined' ? !bigEndian : false;
+            return this;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Prepends some data to this ByteBuffer. This will overwrite any contents before the specified offset up to the
+         *  prepended data's length. If there is not enough space available before the specified `offset`, the backing buffer
+         *  will be resized and its contents moved accordingly.
+         * @param {!ByteBuffer|string|!ArrayBuffer} source Data to prepend. If `source` is a ByteBuffer, its offset will be
+         *  modified according to the performed read operation.
+         * @param {(string|number)=} encoding Encoding if `data` is a string ("base64", "hex", "binary", defaults to "utf8")
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to prepend at. Will use and decrease {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  prepended if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         * @example A relative `00<01 02 03>.prepend(<04 05>)` results in `<04 05 01 02 03>, 04 05|`
+         * @example An absolute `00<01 02 03>.prepend(<04 05>, 2)` results in `04<05 02 03>, 04 05|`
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.prepend = function(source, encoding, offset) {
+            if (typeof encoding === 'number' || typeof encoding !== 'string') {
+                offset = encoding;
+                encoding = undefined;
+            }
+            var relative = typeof offset === 'undefined';
+            if (relative) offset = this.offset;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: "+offset+" (not an integer)");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset + 0 > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal offset: 0 <= "+offset+" (+"+0+") <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            if (!(source instanceof ByteBuffer))
+                source = ByteBuffer.wrap(source, encoding);
+            var len = source.limit - source.offset;
+            if (len <= 0) return this; // Nothing to prepend
+            var diff = len - offset;
+            var arrayView;
+            if (diff > 0) { // Not enough space before offset, so resize + move
+                var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(this.buffer.byteLength + diff);
+                arrayView = new Uint8Array(buffer);
+                arrayView.set(new Uint8Array(this.buffer).subarray(offset, this.buffer.byteLength), len);
+                this.buffer = buffer;
+                this.view = new DataView(buffer);
+                this.offset += diff;
+                if (this.markedOffset >= 0) this.markedOffset += diff;
+                this.limit += diff;
+                offset += diff;
+            } else {
+                arrayView = new Uint8Array(this.buffer);
+            }
+            arrayView.set(new Uint8Array(source.buffer).subarray(source.offset, source.limit), offset - len);
+            source.offset = source.limit;
+            if (relative)
+                this.offset -= len;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Prepends this ByteBuffer to another ByteBuffer. This will overwrite any contents before the specified offset up to the
+         *  prepended data's length. If there is not enough space available before the specified `offset`, the backing buffer
+         *  will be resized and its contents moved accordingly.
+         * @param {!ByteBuffer} target Target ByteBuffer
+         * @param {number=} offset Offset to prepend at. Will use and decrease {@link ByteBuffer#offset} by the number of bytes
+         *  prepended if omitted.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         * @see ByteBuffer#prepend
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.prependTo = function(target, offset) {
+            target.prepend(this, offset);
+            return this;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Prints debug information about this ByteBuffer's contents.
+         * @param {function(string)=} out Output function to call, defaults to console.log
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.printDebug = function(out) {
+            if (typeof out !== 'function') out = console.log.bind(console);
+            out(
+                this.toString()+"\n"+
+                "-------------------------------------------------------------------\n"+
+                this.toDebug(/* columns */ true)
+            );
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the number of remaining readable bytes. Contents are the bytes between {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#limit}, so this returns `limit - offset`.
+         * @returns {number} Remaining readable bytes. May be negative if `offset > limit`.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.remaining = function() {
+            return this.limit - this.offset;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Resets this ByteBuffer's {@link ByteBuffer#offset}. If an offset has been marked through {@link ByteBuffer#mark}
+         *  before, `offset` will be set to {@link ByteBuffer#markedOffset}, which will then be discarded. If no offset has been
+         *  marked, sets `offset = 0`.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @see ByteBuffer#mark
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.reset = function() {
+            if (this.markedOffset >= 0) {
+                this.offset = this.markedOffset;
+                this.markedOffset = -1;
+            } else {
+                this.offset = 0;
+            }
+            return this;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Resizes this ByteBuffer to be backed by a buffer of at least the given capacity. Will do nothing if already that
+         *  large or larger.
+         * @param {number} capacity Capacity required
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @throws {TypeError} If `capacity` is not a number
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `capacity < 0`
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.resize = function(capacity) {
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof capacity !== 'number' || capacity % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal capacity: "+capacity+" (not an integer)");
+                capacity |= 0;
+                if (capacity < 0)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal capacity: 0 <= "+capacity);
+            }
+            if (this.buffer.byteLength < capacity) {
+                var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(capacity);
+                new Uint8Array(buffer).set(new Uint8Array(this.buffer));
+                this.buffer = buffer;
+                this.view = new DataView(buffer);
+            }
+            return this;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Reverses this ByteBuffer's contents.
+         * @param {number=} begin Offset to start at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}
+         * @param {number=} end Offset to end at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.reverse = function(begin, end) {
+            if (typeof begin === 'undefined') begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof end === 'undefined') end = this.limit;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            if (begin === end)
+                return this; // Nothing to reverse
+            Array.prototype.reverse.call(new Uint8Array(this.buffer).subarray(begin, end));
+            this.view = new DataView(this.buffer); // FIXME: Why exactly is this necessary?
+            return this;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Skips the next `length` bytes. This will just advance
+         * @param {number} length Number of bytes to skip. May also be negative to move the offset back.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.skip = function(length) {
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof length !== 'number' || length % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal length: "+length+" (not an integer)");
+                length |= 0;
+            }
+            var offset = this.offset + length;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (offset < 0 || offset > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal length: 0 <= "+this.offset+" + "+length+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            this.offset = offset;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Slices this ByteBuffer by creating a cloned instance with `offset = begin` and `limit = end`.
+         * @param {number=} begin Begin offset, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}.
+         * @param {number=} end End offset, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} Clone of this ByteBuffer with slicing applied, backed by the same {@link ByteBuffer#buffer}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.slice = function(begin, end) {
+            if (typeof begin === 'undefined') begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof end === 'undefined') end = this.limit;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var bb = this.clone();
+            bb.offset = begin;
+            bb.limit = end;
+            return bb;
+        };
+        /**
+         * Returns a copy of the backing buffer that contains this ByteBuffer's contents. Contents are the bytes between
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and {@link ByteBuffer#limit}. Will transparently {@link ByteBuffer#flip} this
+         *  ByteBuffer if `offset > limit` but the actual offsets remain untouched.
+         * @param {boolean=} forceCopy If `true` returns a copy, otherwise returns a view referencing the same memory if
+         *  possible. Defaults to `false`
+         * @returns {!ArrayBuffer} Contents as an ArrayBuffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toBuffer = function(forceCopy) {
+            var offset = this.offset,
+                limit = this.limit;
+            if (offset > limit) {
+                var t = offset;
+                offset = limit;
+                limit = t;
+            }
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof offset !== 'number' || offset % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal offset: Not an integer");
+                offset >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof limit !== 'number' || limit % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal limit: Not an integer");
+                limit >>>= 0;
+                if (offset < 0 || offset > limit || limit > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+offset+" <= "+limit+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            // NOTE: It's not possible to have another ArrayBuffer reference the same memory as the backing buffer. This is
+            // possible with Uint8Array#subarray only, but we have to return an ArrayBuffer by contract. So:
+            if (!forceCopy && offset === 0 && limit === this.buffer.byteLength) {
+                return this.buffer;
+            }
+            if (offset === limit) {
+                return EMPTY_BUFFER;
+            }
+            var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(limit - offset);
+            new Uint8Array(buffer).set(new Uint8Array(this.buffer).subarray(offset, limit), 0);
+            return buffer;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a raw buffer compacted to contain this ByteBuffer's contents. Contents are the bytes between
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and {@link ByteBuffer#limit}. Will transparently {@link ByteBuffer#flip} this
+         *  ByteBuffer if `offset > limit` but the actual offsets remain untouched. This is an alias of
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer#toBuffer}.
+         * @function
+         * @param {boolean=} forceCopy If `true` returns a copy, otherwise returns a view referencing the same memory.
+         *  Defaults to `false`
+         * @returns {!ArrayBuffer} Contents as an ArrayBuffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toArrayBuffer = ByteBufferPrototype.toBuffer;
+
+
+        /**
+         * Converts the ByteBuffer's contents to a string.
+         * @param {string=} encoding Output encoding. Returns an informative string representation if omitted but also allows
+         *  direct conversion to "utf8", "hex", "base64" and "binary" encoding. "debug" returns a hex representation with
+         *  highlighted offsets.
+         * @param {number=} begin Offset to begin at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}
+         * @param {number=} end Offset to end at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}
+         * @returns {string} String representation
+         * @throws {Error} If `encoding` is invalid
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toString = function(encoding, begin, end) {
+            if (typeof encoding === 'undefined')
+                return "ByteBufferAB(offset="+this.offset+",markedOffset="+this.markedOffset+",limit="+this.limit+",capacity="+this.capacity()+")";
+            if (typeof encoding === 'number')
+                encoding = "utf8",
+                begin = encoding,
+                end = begin;
+            switch (encoding) {
+                case "utf8":
+                    return this.toUTF8(begin, end);
+                case "base64":
+                    return this.toBase64(begin, end);
+                case "hex":
+                    return this.toHex(begin, end);
+                case "binary":
+                    return this.toBinary(begin, end);
+                case "debug":
+                    return this.toDebug();
+                case "columns":
+                    return this.toColumns();
+                default:
+                    throw Error("Unsupported encoding: "+encoding);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // lxiv-embeddable
+
+        /**
+         * lxiv-embeddable (c) 2014 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+         * Released under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+         * see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/lxiv for details
+         */
+        var lxiv = function() {
+            "use strict";
+
+            /**
+             * lxiv namespace.
+             * @type {!Object.<string,*>}
+             * @exports lxiv
+             */
+            var lxiv = {};
+
+            /**
+             * Character codes for output.
+             * @type {!Array.<number>}
+             * @inner
+             */
+            var aout = [
+                65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80,
+                81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102,
+                103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118,
+                119, 120, 121, 122, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 43, 47
+            ];
+
+            /**
+             * Character codes for input.
+             * @type {!Array.<number>}
+             * @inner
+             */
+            var ain = [];
+            for (var i=0, k=aout.length; i<k; ++i)
+                ain[aout[i]] = i;
+
+            /**
+             * Encodes bytes to base64 char codes.
+             * @param {!function():number|null} src Bytes source as a function returning the next byte respectively `null` if
+             *  there are no more bytes left.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Characters destination as a function successively called with each encoded char
+             *  code.
+             */
+            lxiv.encode = function(src, dst) {
+                var b, t;
+                while ((b = src()) !== null) {
+                    dst(aout[(b>>2)&0x3f]);
+                    t = (b&0x3)<<4;
+                    if ((b = src()) !== null) {
+                        t |= (b>>4)&0xf;
+                        dst(aout[(t|((b>>4)&0xf))&0x3f]);
+                        t = (b&0xf)<<2;
+                        if ((b = src()) !== null)
+                            dst(aout[(t|((b>>6)&0x3))&0x3f]),
+                            dst(aout[b&0x3f]);
+                        else
+                            dst(aout[t&0x3f]),
+                            dst(61);
+                    } else
+                        dst(aout[t&0x3f]),
+                        dst(61),
+                        dst(61);
+                }
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Decodes base64 char codes to bytes.
+             * @param {!function():number|null} src Characters source as a function returning the next char code respectively
+             *  `null` if there are no more characters left.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Bytes destination as a function successively called with the next byte.
+             * @throws {Error} If a character code is invalid
+             */
+            lxiv.decode = function(src, dst) {
+                var c, t1, t2;
+                function fail(c) {
+                    throw Error("Illegal character code: "+c);
+                }
+                while ((c = src()) !== null) {
+                    t1 = ain[c];
+                    if (typeof t1 === 'undefined') fail(c);
+                    if ((c = src()) !== null) {
+                        t2 = ain[c];
+                        if (typeof t2 === 'undefined') fail(c);
+                        dst((t1<<2)>>>0|(t2&0x30)>>4);
+                        if ((c = src()) !== null) {
+                            t1 = ain[c];
+                            if (typeof t1 === 'undefined')
+                                if (c === 61) break; else fail(c);
+                            dst(((t2&0xf)<<4)>>>0|(t1&0x3c)>>2);
+                            if ((c = src()) !== null) {
+                                t2 = ain[c];
+                                if (typeof t2 === 'undefined')
+                                    if (c === 61) break; else fail(c);
+                                dst(((t1&0x3)<<6)>>>0|t2);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Tests if a string is valid base64.
+             * @param {string} str String to test
+             * @returns {boolean} `true` if valid, otherwise `false`
+             */
+            lxiv.test = function(str) {
+                return /^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+/]{3}=)?$/.test(str);
+            };
+
+            return lxiv;
+        }();
+
+        // encodings/base64
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes this ByteBuffer's contents to a base64 encoded string.
+         * @param {number=} begin Offset to begin at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}.
+         * @param {number=} end Offset to end at, defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @returns {string} Base64 encoded string
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toBase64 = function(begin, end) {
+            if (typeof begin === 'undefined')
+                begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof end === 'undefined')
+                end = this.limit;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var sd; lxiv.encode(function() {
+                return begin < end ? this.view.getUint8(begin++) : null;
+            }.bind(this), sd = stringDestination());
+            return sd();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes a base64 encoded string to a ByteBuffer.
+         * @param {string} str String to decode
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} ByteBuffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.fromBase64 = function(str, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            if (!noAssert) {
+                if (typeof str !== 'string')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a string");
+                if (str.length % 4 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Length not a multiple of 4");
+            }
+            var bb = new ByteBuffer(str.length/4*3, littleEndian, noAssert),
+                i = 0;
+            lxiv.decode(stringSource(str), function(b) {
+                bb.view.setUint8(i++, b);
+            });
+            bb.limit = i;
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes a binary string to base64 like `window.btoa` does.
+         * @param {string} str Binary string
+         * @returns {string} Base64 encoded string
+         * @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window.btoa
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.btoa = function(str) {
+            return ByteBuffer.fromBinary(str).toBase64();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes a base64 encoded string to binary like `window.atob` does.
+         * @param {string} b64 Base64 encoded string
+         * @returns {string} Binary string
+         * @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window.atob
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.atob = function(b64) {
+            return ByteBuffer.fromBase64(b64).toBinary();
+        };
+
+        // encodings/binary
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes this ByteBuffer to a binary encoded string, that is using only characters 0x00-0xFF as bytes.
+         * @param {number=} begin Offset to begin at. Defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}.
+         * @param {number=} end Offset to end at. Defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @returns {string} Binary encoded string
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset > limit`
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toBinary = function(begin, end) {
+            begin = typeof begin === 'undefined' ? this.offset : begin;
+            end = typeof end === 'undefined' ? this.limit : end;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            if (begin === end)
+                return "";
+            var cc = [], pt = [];
+            while (begin < end) {
+                cc.push(this.view.getUint8(begin++));
+                if (cc.length >= 1024)
+                    pt.push(String.fromCharCode.apply(String, cc)),
+                    cc = [];
+            }
+            return pt.join('') + String.fromCharCode.apply(String, cc);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes a binary encoded string, that is using only characters 0x00-0xFF as bytes, to a ByteBuffer.
+         * @param {string} str String to decode
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} ByteBuffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.fromBinary = function(str, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            if (!noAssert) {
+                if (typeof str !== 'string')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a string");
+            }
+            var i = 0, k = str.length, charCode,
+                bb = new ByteBuffer(k, littleEndian, noAssert);
+            while (i<k) {
+                charCode = str.charCodeAt(i);
+                if (!noAssert && charCode > 255)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal charCode at "+i+": 0 <= "+charCode+" <= 255");
+                bb.view.setUint8(i++, charCode);
+            }
+            bb.limit = k;
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        // encodings/debug
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes this ByteBuffer to a hex encoded string with marked offsets. Offset symbols are:
+         * * `<` : offset,
+         * * `'` : markedOffset,
+         * * `>` : limit,
+         * * `|` : offset and limit,
+         * * `[` : offset and markedOffset,
+         * * `]` : markedOffset and limit,
+         * * `!` : offset, markedOffset and limit
+         * @param {boolean=} columns If `true` returns two columns hex + ascii, defaults to `false`
+         * @returns {string|!Array.<string>} Debug string or array of lines if `asArray = true`
+         * @expose
+         * @example `>00'01 02<03` contains four bytes with `limit=0, markedOffset=1, offset=3`
+         * @example `00[01 02 03>` contains four bytes with `offset=markedOffset=1, limit=4`
+         * @example `00|01 02 03` contains four bytes with `offset=limit=1, markedOffset=-1`
+         * @example `|` contains zero bytes with `offset=limit=0, markedOffset=-1`
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toDebug = function(columns) {
+            var i = -1,
+                k = this.buffer.byteLength,
+                b,
+                hex = "",
+                asc = "",
+                out = "";
+            while (i<k) {
+                if (i !== -1) {
+                    b = this.view.getUint8(i);
+                    if (b < 0x10) hex += "0"+b.toString(16).toUpperCase();
+                    else hex += b.toString(16).toUpperCase();
+                    if (columns) {
+                        asc += b > 32 && b < 127 ? String.fromCharCode(b) : '.';
+                    }
+                }
+                ++i;
+                if (columns) {
+                    if (i > 0 && i % 16 === 0 && i !== k) {
+                        while (hex.length < 3*16+3) hex += " ";
+                        out += hex+asc+"\n";
+                        hex = asc = "";
+                    }
+                }
+                if (i === this.offset && i === this.limit)
+                    hex += i === this.markedOffset ? "!" : "|";
+                else if (i === this.offset)
+                    hex += i === this.markedOffset ? "[" : "<";
+                else if (i === this.limit)
+                    hex += i === this.markedOffset ? "]" : ">";
+                else
+                    hex += i === this.markedOffset ? "'" : (columns || (i !== 0 && i !== k) ? " " : "");
+            }
+            if (columns && hex !== " ") {
+                while (hex.length < 3*16+3) hex += " ";
+                out += hex+asc+"\n";
+            }
+            return columns ? out : hex;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes a hex encoded string with marked offsets to a ByteBuffer.
+         * @param {string} str Debug string to decode (not be generated with `columns = true`)
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} ByteBuffer
+         * @expose
+         * @see ByteBuffer#toDebug
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.fromDebug = function(str, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            var k = str.length,
+                bb = new ByteBuffer(((k+1)/3)|0, littleEndian, noAssert);
+            var i = 0, j = 0, ch, b,
+                rs = false, // Require symbol next
+                ho = false, hm = false, hl = false, // Already has offset, markedOffset, limit?
+                fail = false;
+            while (i<k) {
+                switch (ch = str.charAt(i++)) {
+                    case '!':
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (ho || hm || hl) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                            ho = hm = hl = true;
+                        }
+                        bb.offset = bb.markedOffset = bb.limit = j;
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    case '|':
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (ho || hl) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                            ho = hl = true;
+                        }
+                        bb.offset = bb.limit = j;
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    case '[':
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (ho || hm) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                            ho = hm = true;
+                        }
+                        bb.offset = bb.markedOffset = j;
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    case '<':
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (ho) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                            ho = true;
+                        }
+                        bb.offset = j;
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    case ']':
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (hl || hm) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                            hl = hm = true;
+                        }
+                        bb.limit = bb.markedOffset = j;
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    case '>':
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (hl) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                            hl = true;
+                        }
+                        bb.limit = j;
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    case "'":
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (hm) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                            hm = true;
+                        }
+                        bb.markedOffset = j;
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    case ' ':
+                        rs = false;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (rs) {
+                                fail = true; break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        b = parseInt(ch+str.charAt(i++), 16);
+                        if (!noAssert) {
+                            if (isNaN(b) || b < 0 || b > 255)
+                                throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a debug encoded string");
+                        }
+                        bb.view.setUint8(j++, b);
+                        rs = true;
+                }
+                if (fail)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Invalid symbol at "+i);
+            }
+            if (!noAssert) {
+                if (!ho || !hl)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Missing offset or limit");
+                if (j<bb.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a debug encoded string (is it hex?) "+j+" < "+k);
+            }
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        // encodings/hex
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes this ByteBuffer's contents to a hex encoded string.
+         * @param {number=} begin Offset to begin at. Defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#offset}.
+         * @param {number=} end Offset to end at. Defaults to {@link ByteBuffer#limit}.
+         * @returns {string} Hex encoded string
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toHex = function(begin, end) {
+            begin = typeof begin === 'undefined' ? this.offset : begin;
+            end = typeof end === 'undefined' ? this.limit : end;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var out = new Array(end - begin),
+                b;
+            while (begin < end) {
+                b = this.view.getUint8(begin++);
+                if (b < 0x10)
+                    out.push("0", b.toString(16));
+                else out.push(b.toString(16));
+            }
+            return out.join('');
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes a hex encoded string to a ByteBuffer.
+         * @param {string} str String to decode
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} ByteBuffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.fromHex = function(str, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            if (!noAssert) {
+                if (typeof str !== 'string')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a string");
+                if (str.length % 2 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Length not a multiple of 2");
+            }
+            var k = str.length,
+                bb = new ByteBuffer((k / 2) | 0, littleEndian),
+                b;
+            for (var i=0, j=0; i<k; i+=2) {
+                b = parseInt(str.substring(i, i+2), 16);
+                if (!noAssert)
+                    if (!isFinite(b) || b < 0 || b > 255)
+                        throw TypeError("Illegal str: Contains non-hex characters");
+                bb.view.setUint8(j++, b);
+            }
+            bb.limit = j;
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+        // utfx-embeddable
+
+        /**
+         * utfx-embeddable (c) 2014 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+         * Released under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+         * see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/utfx for details
+         */
+        var utfx = function() {
+            "use strict";
+
+            /**
+             * utfx namespace.
+             * @inner
+             * @type {!Object.<string,*>}
+             */
+            var utfx = {};
+
+            /**
+             * Maximum valid code point.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @const
+             */
+            utfx.MAX_CODEPOINT = 0x10FFFF;
+
+            /**
+             * Encodes UTF8 code points to UTF8 bytes.
+             * @param {(!function():number|null) | number} src Code points source, either as a function returning the next code point
+             *  respectively `null` if there are no more code points left or a single numeric code point.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Bytes destination as a function successively called with the next byte
+             */
+            utfx.encodeUTF8 = function(src, dst) {
+                var cp = null;
+                if (typeof src === 'number')
+                    cp = src,
+                    src = function() { return null; };
+                while (cp !== null || (cp = src()) !== null) {
+                    if (cp < 0x80)
+                        dst(cp&0x7F);
+                    else if (cp < 0x800)
+                        dst(((cp>>6)&0x1F)|0xC0),
+                        dst((cp&0x3F)|0x80);
+                    else if (cp < 0x10000)
+                        dst(((cp>>12)&0x0F)|0xE0),
+                        dst(((cp>>6)&0x3F)|0x80),
+                        dst((cp&0x3F)|0x80);
+                    else
+                        dst(((cp>>18)&0x07)|0xF0),
+                        dst(((cp>>12)&0x3F)|0x80),
+                        dst(((cp>>6)&0x3F)|0x80),
+                        dst((cp&0x3F)|0x80);
+                    cp = null;
+                }
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Decodes UTF8 bytes to UTF8 code points.
+             * @param {!function():number|null} src Bytes source as a function returning the next byte respectively `null` if there
+             *  are no more bytes left.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Code points destination as a function successively called with each decoded code point.
+             * @throws {RangeError} If a starting byte is invalid in UTF8
+             * @throws {Error} If the last sequence is truncated. Has an array property `bytes` holding the
+             *  remaining bytes.
+             */
+            utfx.decodeUTF8 = function(src, dst) {
+                var a, b, c, d, fail = function(b) {
+                    b = b.slice(0, b.indexOf(null));
+                    var err = Error(b.toString());
+                    err.name = "TruncatedError";
+                    err['bytes'] = b;
+                    throw err;
+                };
+                while ((a = src()) !== null) {
+                    if ((a&0x80) === 0)
+                        dst(a);
+                    else if ((a&0xE0) === 0xC0)
+                        ((b = src()) === null) && fail([a, b]),
+                        dst(((a&0x1F)<<6) | (b&0x3F));
+                    else if ((a&0xF0) === 0xE0)
+                        ((b=src()) === null || (c=src()) === null) && fail([a, b, c]),
+                        dst(((a&0x0F)<<12) | ((b&0x3F)<<6) | (c&0x3F));
+                    else if ((a&0xF8) === 0xF0)
+                        ((b=src()) === null || (c=src()) === null || (d=src()) === null) && fail([a, b, c ,d]),
+                        dst(((a&0x07)<<18) | ((b&0x3F)<<12) | ((c&0x3F)<<6) | (d&0x3F));
+                    else throw RangeError("Illegal starting byte: "+a);
+                }
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Converts UTF16 characters to UTF8 code points.
+             * @param {!function():number|null} src Characters source as a function returning the next char code respectively
+             *  `null` if there are no more characters left.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Code points destination as a function successively called with each converted code
+             *  point.
+             */
+            utfx.UTF16toUTF8 = function(src, dst) {
+                var c1, c2 = null;
+                while (true) {
+                    if ((c1 = c2 !== null ? c2 : src()) === null)
+                        break;
+                    if (c1 >= 0xD800 && c1 <= 0xDFFF) {
+                        if ((c2 = src()) !== null) {
+                            if (c2 >= 0xDC00 && c2 <= 0xDFFF) {
+                                dst((c1-0xD800)*0x400+c2-0xDC00+0x10000);
+                                c2 = null; continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    dst(c1);
+                }
+                if (c2 !== null) dst(c2);
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Converts UTF8 code points to UTF16 characters.
+             * @param {(!function():number|null) | number} src Code points source, either as a function returning the next code point
+             *  respectively `null` if there are no more code points left or a single numeric code point.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Characters destination as a function successively called with each converted char code.
+             * @throws {RangeError} If a code point is out of range
+             */
+            utfx.UTF8toUTF16 = function(src, dst) {
+                var cp = null;
+                if (typeof src === 'number')
+                    cp = src, src = function() { return null; };
+                while (cp !== null || (cp = src()) !== null) {
+                    if (cp <= 0xFFFF)
+                        dst(cp);
+                    else
+                        cp -= 0x10000,
+                        dst((cp>>10)+0xD800),
+                        dst((cp%0x400)+0xDC00);
+                    cp = null;
+                }
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Converts and encodes UTF16 characters to UTF8 bytes.
+             * @param {!function():number|null} src Characters source as a function returning the next char code respectively `null`
+             *  if there are no more characters left.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Bytes destination as a function successively called with the next byte.
+             */
+            utfx.encodeUTF16toUTF8 = function(src, dst) {
+                utfx.UTF16toUTF8(src, function(cp) {
+                    utfx.encodeUTF8(cp, dst);
+                });
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Decodes and converts UTF8 bytes to UTF16 characters.
+             * @param {!function():number|null} src Bytes source as a function returning the next byte respectively `null` if there
+             *  are no more bytes left.
+             * @param {!function(number)} dst Characters destination as a function successively called with each converted char code.
+             * @throws {RangeError} If a starting byte is invalid in UTF8
+             * @throws {Error} If the last sequence is truncated. Has an array property `bytes` holding the remaining bytes.
+             */
+            utfx.decodeUTF8toUTF16 = function(src, dst) {
+                utfx.decodeUTF8(src, function(cp) {
+                    utfx.UTF8toUTF16(cp, dst);
+                });
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Calculates the byte length of an UTF8 code point.
+             * @param {number} cp UTF8 code point
+             * @returns {number} Byte length
+             */
+            utfx.calculateCodePoint = function(cp) {
+                return (cp < 0x80) ? 1 : (cp < 0x800) ? 2 : (cp < 0x10000) ? 3 : 4;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Calculates the number of UTF8 bytes required to store UTF8 code points.
+             * @param {(!function():number|null)} src Code points source as a function returning the next code point respectively
+             *  `null` if there are no more code points left.
+             * @returns {number} The number of UTF8 bytes required
+             */
+            utfx.calculateUTF8 = function(src) {
+                var cp, l=0;
+                while ((cp = src()) !== null)
+                    l += utfx.calculateCodePoint(cp);
+                return l;
+            };
+
+            /**
+             * Calculates the number of UTF8 code points respectively UTF8 bytes required to store UTF16 char codes.
+             * @param {(!function():number|null)} src Characters source as a function returning the next char code respectively
+             *  `null` if there are no more characters left.
+             * @returns {!Array.<number>} The number of UTF8 code points at index 0 and the number of UTF8 bytes required at index 1.
+             */
+            utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8 = function(src) {
+                var n=0, l=0;
+                utfx.UTF16toUTF8(src, function(cp) {
+                    ++n; l += utfx.calculateCodePoint(cp);
+                });
+                return [n,l];
+            };
+
+            return utfx;
+        }();
+
+        // encodings/utf8
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes this ByteBuffer's contents between {@link ByteBuffer#offset} and {@link ByteBuffer#limit} to an UTF8 encoded
+         *  string.
+         * @returns {string} Hex encoded string
+         * @throws {RangeError} If `offset > limit`
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBufferPrototype.toUTF8 = function(begin, end) {
+            if (typeof begin === 'undefined') begin = this.offset;
+            if (typeof end === 'undefined') end = this.limit;
+            if (!this.noAssert) {
+                if (typeof begin !== 'number' || begin % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal begin: Not an integer");
+                begin >>>= 0;
+                if (typeof end !== 'number' || end % 1 !== 0)
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal end: Not an integer");
+                end >>>= 0;
+                if (begin < 0 || begin > end || end > this.buffer.byteLength)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: 0 <= "+begin+" <= "+end+" <= "+this.buffer.byteLength);
+            }
+            var sd; try {
+                utfx.decodeUTF8toUTF16(function() {
+                    return begin < end ? this.view.getUint8(begin++) : null;
+                }.bind(this), sd = stringDestination());
+            } catch (e) {
+                if (begin !== end)
+                    throw RangeError("Illegal range: Truncated data, "+begin+" != "+end);
+            }
+            return sd();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes an UTF8 encoded string to a ByteBuffer.
+         * @param {string} str String to decode
+         * @param {boolean=} littleEndian Whether to use little or big endian byte order. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_ENDIAN}.
+         * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to skip assertions of offsets and values. Defaults to
+         *  {@link ByteBuffer.DEFAULT_NOASSERT}.
+         * @returns {!ByteBuffer} ByteBuffer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ByteBuffer.fromUTF8 = function(str, littleEndian, noAssert) {
+            if (!noAssert)
+                if (typeof str !== 'string')
+                    throw TypeError("Illegal str: Not a string");
+            var bb = new ByteBuffer(utfx.calculateUTF16asUTF8(stringSource(str), true)[1], littleEndian, noAssert),
+                i = 0;
+            utfx.encodeUTF16toUTF8(stringSource(str), function(b) {
+                bb.view.setUint8(i++, b);
+            });
+            bb.limit = i;
+            return bb;
+        };
+
+
+        return ByteBuffer;
+    }
+
+    /* CommonJS */ if (typeof require === 'function' && typeof module === 'object' && module && typeof exports === 'object' && exports)
+        module['exports'] = (function() {
+            var Long; try { Long = require("long"); } catch (e) {}
+            return loadByteBuffer(Long);
+        })();
+    /* AMD */ else if (typeof define === 'function' && define["amd"])
+        define(["Long"], function(Long) {
+            return loadByteBuffer(Long);
+        });
+    /* Global */ else
+        (global["dcodeIO"] = global["dcodeIO"] || {})["ByteBuffer"] = loadByteBuffer(global["dcodeIO"]["Long"]);
+
+})(this);

3rdparty/long.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1207 @@
+/*
+ Copyright 2013 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+ Copyright 2009 The Closure Library Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @license long.js (c) 2013 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+ * Released under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/long.js for details
+ */
+(function(global, factory) {
+    /* AMD */ if (typeof define === 'function' && define["amd"])
+        define([], factory);
+    /* CommonJS */ else if (typeof require === 'function' && typeof module === "object" && module && module["exports"])
+        module["exports"] = factory();
+    /* Global */ else
+        (global["dcodeIO"] = global["dcodeIO"] || {})["Long"] = factory();
+
+})(this, function() {
+    "use strict";
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a 64 bit two's-complement integer, given its low and high 32 bit values as *signed* integers.
+     *  See the from* functions below for more convenient ways of constructing Longs.
+     * @exports Long
+     * @class A Long class for representing a 64 bit two's-complement integer value.
+     * @param {number} low The low (signed) 32 bits of the long
+     * @param {number} high The high (signed) 32 bits of the long
+     * @param {boolean=} unsigned Whether unsigned or not, defaults to `false` for signed
+     * @constructor
+     */
+    function Long(low, high, unsigned) {
+
+        /**
+         * The low 32 bits as a signed value.
+         * @type {number}
+         */
+        this.low = low | 0;
+
+        /**
+         * The high 32 bits as a signed value.
+         * @type {number}
+         */
+        this.high = high | 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Whether unsigned or not.
+         * @type {boolean}
+         */
+        this.unsigned = !!unsigned;
+    }
+
+    // The internal representation of a long is the two given signed, 32-bit values.
+    // We use 32-bit pieces because these are the size of integers on which
+    // Javascript performs bit-operations.  For operations like addition and
+    // multiplication, we split each number into 16 bit pieces, which can easily be
+    // multiplied within Javascript's floating-point representation without overflow
+    // or change in sign.
+    //
+    // In the algorithms below, we frequently reduce the negative case to the
+    // positive case by negating the input(s) and then post-processing the result.
+    // Note that we must ALWAYS check specially whether those values are MIN_VALUE
+    // (-2^63) because -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE (since 2^63 cannot be represented as
+    // a positive number, it overflows back into a negative).  Not handling this
+    // case would often result in infinite recursion.
+    //
+    // Common constant values ZERO, ONE, NEG_ONE, etc. are defined below the from*
+    // methods on which they depend.
+
+    /**
+     * An indicator used to reliably determine if an object is a Long or not.
+     * @type {boolean}
+     * @const
+     * @private
+     */
+    Long.prototype.__isLong__;
+
+    Object.defineProperty(Long.prototype, "__isLong__", {
+        value: true,
+        enumerable: false,
+        configurable: false
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * @function
+     * @param {*} obj Object
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    function isLong(obj) {
+        return (obj && obj["__isLong__"]) === true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the specified object is a Long.
+     * @function
+     * @param {*} obj Object
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    Long.isLong = isLong;
+
+    /**
+     * A cache of the Long representations of small integer values.
+     * @type {!Object}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var INT_CACHE = {};
+
+    /**
+     * A cache of the Long representations of small unsigned integer values.
+     * @type {!Object}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var UINT_CACHE = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} value
+     * @param {boolean=} unsigned
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    function fromInt(value, unsigned) {
+        var obj, cachedObj, cache;
+        if (unsigned) {
+            value >>>= 0;
+            if (cache = (0 <= value && value < 256)) {
+                cachedObj = UINT_CACHE[value];
+                if (cachedObj)
+                    return cachedObj;
+            }
+            obj = fromBits(value, (value | 0) < 0 ? -1 : 0, true);
+            if (cache)
+                UINT_CACHE[value] = obj;
+            return obj;
+        } else {
+            value |= 0;
+            if (cache = (-128 <= value && value < 128)) {
+                cachedObj = INT_CACHE[value];
+                if (cachedObj)
+                    return cachedObj;
+            }
+            obj = fromBits(value, value < 0 ? -1 : 0, false);
+            if (cache)
+                INT_CACHE[value] = obj;
+            return obj;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Long representing the given 32 bit integer value.
+     * @function
+     * @param {number} value The 32 bit integer in question
+     * @param {boolean=} unsigned Whether unsigned or not, defaults to `false` for signed
+     * @returns {!Long} The corresponding Long value
+     */
+    Long.fromInt = fromInt;
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} value
+     * @param {boolean=} unsigned
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    function fromNumber(value, unsigned) {
+        if (isNaN(value) || !isFinite(value))
+            return unsigned ? UZERO : ZERO;
+        if (unsigned) {
+            if (value < 0)
+                return UZERO;
+            if (value >= TWO_PWR_64_DBL)
+                return MAX_UNSIGNED_VALUE;
+        } else {
+            if (value <= -TWO_PWR_63_DBL)
+                return MIN_VALUE;
+            if (value + 1 >= TWO_PWR_63_DBL)
+                return MAX_VALUE;
+        }
+        if (value < 0)
+            return fromNumber(-value, unsigned).neg();
+        return fromBits((value % TWO_PWR_32_DBL) | 0, (value / TWO_PWR_32_DBL) | 0, unsigned);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Long representing the given value, provided that it is a finite number. Otherwise, zero is returned.
+     * @function
+     * @param {number} value The number in question
+     * @param {boolean=} unsigned Whether unsigned or not, defaults to `false` for signed
+     * @returns {!Long} The corresponding Long value
+     */
+    Long.fromNumber = fromNumber;
+
+    /**
+     * @param {number} lowBits
+     * @param {number} highBits
+     * @param {boolean=} unsigned
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    function fromBits(lowBits, highBits, unsigned) {
+        return new Long(lowBits, highBits, unsigned);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Long representing the 64 bit integer that comes by concatenating the given low and high bits. Each is
+     *  assumed to use 32 bits.
+     * @function
+     * @param {number} lowBits The low 32 bits
+     * @param {number} highBits The high 32 bits
+     * @param {boolean=} unsigned Whether unsigned or not, defaults to `false` for signed
+     * @returns {!Long} The corresponding Long value
+     */
+    Long.fromBits = fromBits;
+
+    /**
+     * @function
+     * @param {number} base
+     * @param {number} exponent
+     * @returns {number}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var pow_dbl = Math.pow; // Used 4 times (4*8 to 15+4)
+
+    /**
+     * @param {string} str
+     * @param {(boolean|number)=} unsigned
+     * @param {number=} radix
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    function fromString(str, unsigned, radix) {
+        if (str.length === 0)
+            throw Error('empty string');
+        if (str === "NaN" || str === "Infinity" || str === "+Infinity" || str === "-Infinity")
+            return ZERO;
+        if (typeof unsigned === 'number') {
+            // For goog.math.long compatibility
+            radix = unsigned,
+            unsigned = false;
+        } else {
+            unsigned = !! unsigned;
+        }
+        radix = radix || 10;
+        if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix)
+            throw RangeError('radix');
+
+        var p;
+        if ((p = str.indexOf('-')) > 0)
+            throw Error('interior hyphen');
+        else if (p === 0) {
+            return fromString(str.substring(1), unsigned, radix).neg();
+        }
+
+        // Do several (8) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+        // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+        var radixToPower = fromNumber(pow_dbl(radix, 8));
+
+        var result = ZERO;
+        for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i += 8) {
+            var size = Math.min(8, str.length - i),
+                value = parseInt(str.substring(i, i + size), radix);
+            if (size < 8) {
+                var power = fromNumber(pow_dbl(radix, size));
+                result = result.mul(power).add(fromNumber(value));
+            } else {
+                result = result.mul(radixToPower);
+                result = result.add(fromNumber(value));
+            }
+        }
+        result.unsigned = unsigned;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Long representation of the given string, written using the specified radix.
+     * @function
+     * @param {string} str The textual representation of the Long
+     * @param {(boolean|number)=} unsigned Whether unsigned or not, defaults to `false` for signed
+     * @param {number=} radix The radix in which the text is written (2-36), defaults to 10
+     * @returns {!Long} The corresponding Long value
+     */
+    Long.fromString = fromString;
+
+    /**
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string|!{low: number, high: number, unsigned: boolean}} val
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    function fromValue(val) {
+        if (val /* is compatible */ instanceof Long)
+            return val;
+        if (typeof val === 'number')
+            return fromNumber(val);
+        if (typeof val === 'string')
+            return fromString(val);
+        // Throws for non-objects, converts non-instanceof Long:
+        return fromBits(val.low, val.high, val.unsigned);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the specified value to a Long.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string|!{low: number, high: number, unsigned: boolean}} val Value
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.fromValue = fromValue;
+
+    // NOTE: the compiler should inline these constant values below and then remove these variables, so there should be
+    // no runtime penalty for these.
+
+    /**
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var TWO_PWR_16_DBL = 1 << 16;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var TWO_PWR_24_DBL = 1 << 24;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var TWO_PWR_32_DBL = TWO_PWR_16_DBL * TWO_PWR_16_DBL;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var TWO_PWR_64_DBL = TWO_PWR_32_DBL * TWO_PWR_32_DBL;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var TWO_PWR_63_DBL = TWO_PWR_64_DBL / 2;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @const
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var TWO_PWR_24 = fromInt(TWO_PWR_24_DBL);
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var ZERO = fromInt(0);
+
+    /**
+     * Signed zero.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.ZERO = ZERO;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var UZERO = fromInt(0, true);
+
+    /**
+     * Unsigned zero.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.UZERO = UZERO;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var ONE = fromInt(1);
+
+    /**
+     * Signed one.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.ONE = ONE;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var UONE = fromInt(1, true);
+
+    /**
+     * Unsigned one.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.UONE = UONE;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var NEG_ONE = fromInt(-1);
+
+    /**
+     * Signed negative one.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.NEG_ONE = NEG_ONE;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var MAX_VALUE = fromBits(0xFFFFFFFF|0, 0x7FFFFFFF|0, false);
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum signed value.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.MAX_VALUE = MAX_VALUE;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var MAX_UNSIGNED_VALUE = fromBits(0xFFFFFFFF|0, 0xFFFFFFFF|0, true);
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum unsigned value.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.MAX_UNSIGNED_VALUE = MAX_UNSIGNED_VALUE;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!Long}
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var MIN_VALUE = fromBits(0, 0x80000000|0, false);
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum signed value.
+     * @type {!Long}
+     */
+    Long.MIN_VALUE = MIN_VALUE;
+
+    /**
+     * @alias Long.prototype
+     * @inner
+     */
+    var LongPrototype = Long.prototype;
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the Long to a 32 bit integer, assuming it is a 32 bit integer.
+     * @returns {number}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toInt = function toInt() {
+        return this.unsigned ? this.low >>> 0 : this.low;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the Long to a the nearest floating-point representation of this value (double, 53 bit mantissa).
+     * @returns {number}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toNumber = function toNumber() {
+        if (this.unsigned)
+            return ((this.high >>> 0) * TWO_PWR_32_DBL) + (this.low >>> 0);
+        return this.high * TWO_PWR_32_DBL + (this.low >>> 0);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the Long to a string written in the specified radix.
+     * @param {number=} radix Radix (2-36), defaults to 10
+     * @returns {string}
+     * @override
+     * @throws {RangeError} If `radix` is out of range
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toString = function toString(radix) {
+        radix = radix || 10;
+        if (radix < 2 || 36 < radix)
+            throw RangeError('radix');
+        if (this.isZero())
+            return '0';
+        if (this.isNegative()) { // Unsigned Longs are never negative
+            if (this.eq(MIN_VALUE)) {
+                // We need to change the Long value before it can be negated, so we remove
+                // the bottom-most digit in this base and then recurse to do the rest.
+                var radixLong = fromNumber(radix),
+                    div = this.div(radixLong),
+                    rem1 = div.mul(radixLong).sub(this);
+                return div.toString(radix) + rem1.toInt().toString(radix);
+            } else
+                return '-' + this.neg().toString(radix);
+        }
+
+        // Do several (6) digits each time through the loop, so as to
+        // minimize the calls to the very expensive emulated div.
+        var radixToPower = fromNumber(pow_dbl(radix, 6), this.unsigned),
+            rem = this;
+        var result = '';
+        while (true) {
+            var remDiv = rem.div(radixToPower),
+                intval = rem.sub(remDiv.mul(radixToPower)).toInt() >>> 0,
+                digits = intval.toString(radix);
+            rem = remDiv;
+            if (rem.isZero())
+                return digits + result;
+            else {
+                while (digits.length < 6)
+                    digits = '0' + digits;
+                result = '' + digits + result;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the high 32 bits as a signed integer.
+     * @returns {number} Signed high bits
+     */
+    LongPrototype.getHighBits = function getHighBits() {
+        return this.high;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the high 32 bits as an unsigned integer.
+     * @returns {number} Unsigned high bits
+     */
+    LongPrototype.getHighBitsUnsigned = function getHighBitsUnsigned() {
+        return this.high >>> 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the low 32 bits as a signed integer.
+     * @returns {number} Signed low bits
+     */
+    LongPrototype.getLowBits = function getLowBits() {
+        return this.low;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the low 32 bits as an unsigned integer.
+     * @returns {number} Unsigned low bits
+     */
+    LongPrototype.getLowBitsUnsigned = function getLowBitsUnsigned() {
+        return this.low >>> 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of bits needed to represent the absolute value of this Long.
+     * @returns {number}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.getNumBitsAbs = function getNumBitsAbs() {
+        if (this.isNegative()) // Unsigned Longs are never negative
+            return this.eq(MIN_VALUE) ? 64 : this.neg().getNumBitsAbs();
+        var val = this.high != 0 ? this.high : this.low;
+        for (var bit = 31; bit > 0; bit--)
+            if ((val & (1 << bit)) != 0)
+                break;
+        return this.high != 0 ? bit + 33 : bit + 1;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value equals zero.
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.isZero = function isZero() {
+        return this.high === 0 && this.low === 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is negative.
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.isNegative = function isNegative() {
+        return !this.unsigned && this.high < 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is positive.
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.isPositive = function isPositive() {
+        return this.unsigned || this.high >= 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is odd.
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.isOdd = function isOdd() {
+        return (this.low & 1) === 1;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is even.
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.isEven = function isEven() {
+        return (this.low & 1) === 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value equals the specified's.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.equals = function equals(other) {
+        if (!isLong(other))
+            other = fromValue(other);
+        if (this.unsigned !== other.unsigned && (this.high >>> 31) === 1 && (other.high >>> 31) === 1)
+            return false;
+        return this.high === other.high && this.low === other.low;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value equals the specified's. This is an alias of {@link Long#equals}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.eq = LongPrototype.equals;
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value differs from the specified's.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.notEquals = function notEquals(other) {
+        return !this.eq(/* validates */ other);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value differs from the specified's. This is an alias of {@link Long#notEquals}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.neq = LongPrototype.notEquals;
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is less than the specified's.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.lessThan = function lessThan(other) {
+        return this.comp(/* validates */ other) < 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is less than the specified's. This is an alias of {@link Long#lessThan}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.lt = LongPrototype.lessThan;
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is less than or equal the specified's.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.lessThanOrEqual = function lessThanOrEqual(other) {
+        return this.comp(/* validates */ other) <= 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is less than or equal the specified's. This is an alias of {@link Long#lessThanOrEqual}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.lte = LongPrototype.lessThanOrEqual;
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is greater than the specified's.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.greaterThan = function greaterThan(other) {
+        return this.comp(/* validates */ other) > 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is greater than the specified's. This is an alias of {@link Long#greaterThan}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.gt = LongPrototype.greaterThan;
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is greater than or equal the specified's.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.greaterThanOrEqual = function greaterThanOrEqual(other) {
+        return this.comp(/* validates */ other) >= 0;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if this Long's value is greater than or equal the specified's. This is an alias of {@link Long#greaterThanOrEqual}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.gte = LongPrototype.greaterThanOrEqual;
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this Long's value with the specified's.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {number} 0 if they are the same, 1 if the this is greater and -1
+     *  if the given one is greater
+     */
+    LongPrototype.compare = function compare(other) {
+        if (!isLong(other))
+            other = fromValue(other);
+        if (this.eq(other))
+            return 0;
+        var thisNeg = this.isNegative(),
+            otherNeg = other.isNegative();
+        if (thisNeg && !otherNeg)
+            return -1;
+        if (!thisNeg && otherNeg)
+            return 1;
+        // At this point the sign bits are the same
+        if (!this.unsigned)
+            return this.sub(other).isNegative() ? -1 : 1;
+        // Both are positive if at least one is unsigned
+        return (other.high >>> 0) > (this.high >>> 0) || (other.high === this.high && (other.low >>> 0) > (this.low >>> 0)) ? -1 : 1;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Compares this Long's value with the specified's. This is an alias of {@link Long#compare}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other value
+     * @returns {number} 0 if they are the same, 1 if the this is greater and -1
+     *  if the given one is greater
+     */
+    LongPrototype.comp = LongPrototype.compare;
+
+    /**
+     * Negates this Long's value.
+     * @returns {!Long} Negated Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.negate = function negate() {
+        if (!this.unsigned && this.eq(MIN_VALUE))
+            return MIN_VALUE;
+        return this.not().add(ONE);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Negates this Long's value. This is an alias of {@link Long#negate}.
+     * @function
+     * @returns {!Long} Negated Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.neg = LongPrototype.negate;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the sum of this and the specified Long.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} addend Addend
+     * @returns {!Long} Sum
+     */
+    LongPrototype.add = function add(addend) {
+        if (!isLong(addend))
+            addend = fromValue(addend);
+
+        // Divide each number into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then sum the chunks.
+
+        var a48 = this.high >>> 16;
+        var a32 = this.high & 0xFFFF;
+        var a16 = this.low >>> 16;
+        var a00 = this.low & 0xFFFF;
+
+        var b48 = addend.high >>> 16;
+        var b32 = addend.high & 0xFFFF;
+        var b16 = addend.low >>> 16;
+        var b00 = addend.low & 0xFFFF;
+
+        var c48 = 0, c32 = 0, c16 = 0, c00 = 0;
+        c00 += a00 + b00;
+        c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+        c00 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c16 += a16 + b16;
+        c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+        c16 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c32 += a32 + b32;
+        c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+        c32 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c48 += a48 + b48;
+        c48 &= 0xFFFF;
+        return fromBits((c16 << 16) | c00, (c48 << 16) | c32, this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the difference of this and the specified Long.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} subtrahend Subtrahend
+     * @returns {!Long} Difference
+     */
+    LongPrototype.subtract = function subtract(subtrahend) {
+        if (!isLong(subtrahend))
+            subtrahend = fromValue(subtrahend);
+        return this.add(subtrahend.neg());
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the difference of this and the specified Long. This is an alias of {@link Long#subtract}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} subtrahend Subtrahend
+     * @returns {!Long} Difference
+     */
+    LongPrototype.sub = LongPrototype.subtract;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the product of this and the specified Long.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} multiplier Multiplier
+     * @returns {!Long} Product
+     */
+    LongPrototype.multiply = function multiply(multiplier) {
+        if (this.isZero())
+            return ZERO;
+        if (!isLong(multiplier))
+            multiplier = fromValue(multiplier);
+        if (multiplier.isZero())
+            return ZERO;
+        if (this.eq(MIN_VALUE))
+            return multiplier.isOdd() ? MIN_VALUE : ZERO;
+        if (multiplier.eq(MIN_VALUE))
+            return this.isOdd() ? MIN_VALUE : ZERO;
+
+        if (this.isNegative()) {
+            if (multiplier.isNegative())
+                return this.neg().mul(multiplier.neg());
+            else
+                return this.neg().mul(multiplier).neg();
+        } else if (multiplier.isNegative())
+            return this.mul(multiplier.neg()).neg();
+
+        // If both longs are small, use float multiplication
+        if (this.lt(TWO_PWR_24) && multiplier.lt(TWO_PWR_24))
+            return fromNumber(this.toNumber() * multiplier.toNumber(), this.unsigned);
+
+        // Divide each long into 4 chunks of 16 bits, and then add up 4x4 products.
+        // We can skip products that would overflow.
+
+        var a48 = this.high >>> 16;
+        var a32 = this.high & 0xFFFF;
+        var a16 = this.low >>> 16;
+        var a00 = this.low & 0xFFFF;
+
+        var b48 = multiplier.high >>> 16;
+        var b32 = multiplier.high & 0xFFFF;
+        var b16 = multiplier.low >>> 16;
+        var b00 = multiplier.low & 0xFFFF;
+
+        var c48 = 0, c32 = 0, c16 = 0, c00 = 0;
+        c00 += a00 * b00;
+        c16 += c00 >>> 16;
+        c00 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c16 += a16 * b00;
+        c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+        c16 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c16 += a00 * b16;
+        c32 += c16 >>> 16;
+        c16 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c32 += a32 * b00;
+        c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+        c32 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c32 += a16 * b16;
+        c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+        c32 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c32 += a00 * b32;
+        c48 += c32 >>> 16;
+        c32 &= 0xFFFF;
+        c48 += a48 * b00 + a32 * b16 + a16 * b32 + a00 * b48;
+        c48 &= 0xFFFF;
+        return fromBits((c16 << 16) | c00, (c48 << 16) | c32, this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the product of this and the specified Long. This is an alias of {@link Long#multiply}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} multiplier Multiplier
+     * @returns {!Long} Product
+     */
+    LongPrototype.mul = LongPrototype.multiply;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long divided by the specified. The result is signed if this Long is signed or
+     *  unsigned if this Long is unsigned.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} divisor Divisor
+     * @returns {!Long} Quotient
+     */
+    LongPrototype.divide = function divide(divisor) {
+        if (!isLong(divisor))
+            divisor = fromValue(divisor);
+        if (divisor.isZero())
+            throw Error('division by zero');
+        if (this.isZero())
+            return this.unsigned ? UZERO : ZERO;
+        var approx, rem, res;
+        if (!this.unsigned) {
+            // This section is only relevant for signed longs and is derived from the
+            // closure library as a whole.
+            if (this.eq(MIN_VALUE)) {
+                if (divisor.eq(ONE) || divisor.eq(NEG_ONE))
+                    return MIN_VALUE;  // recall that -MIN_VALUE == MIN_VALUE
+                else if (divisor.eq(MIN_VALUE))
+                    return ONE;
+                else {
+                    // At this point, we have |other| >= 2, so |this/other| < |MIN_VALUE|.
+                    var halfThis = this.shr(1);
+                    approx = halfThis.div(divisor).shl(1);
+                    if (approx.eq(ZERO)) {
+                        return divisor.isNegative() ? ONE : NEG_ONE;
+                    } else {
+                        rem = this.sub(divisor.mul(approx));
+                        res = approx.add(rem.div(divisor));
+                        return res;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (divisor.eq(MIN_VALUE))
+                return this.unsigned ? UZERO : ZERO;
+            if (this.isNegative()) {
+                if (divisor.isNegative())
+                    return this.neg().div(divisor.neg());
+                return this.neg().div(divisor).neg();
+            } else if (divisor.isNegative())
+                return this.div(divisor.neg()).neg();
+            res = ZERO;
+        } else {
+            // The algorithm below has not been made for unsigned longs. It's therefore
+            // required to take special care of the MSB prior to running it.
+            if (!divisor.unsigned)
+                divisor = divisor.toUnsigned();
+            if (divisor.gt(this))
+                return UZERO;
+            if (divisor.gt(this.shru(1))) // 15 >>> 1 = 7 ; with divisor = 8 ; true
+                return UONE;
+            res = UZERO;
+        }
+
+        // Repeat the following until the remainder is less than other:  find a
+        // floating-point that approximates remainder / other *from below*, add this
+        // into the result, and subtract it from the remainder.  It is critical that
+        // the approximate value is less than or equal to the real value so that the
+        // remainder never becomes negative.
+        rem = this;
+        while (rem.gte(divisor)) {
+            // Approximate the result of division. This may be a little greater or
+            // smaller than the actual value.
+            approx = Math.max(1, Math.floor(rem.toNumber() / divisor.toNumber()));
+
+            // We will tweak the approximate result by changing it in the 48-th digit or
+            // the smallest non-fractional digit, whichever is larger.
+            var log2 = Math.ceil(Math.log(approx) / Math.LN2),
+                delta = (log2 <= 48) ? 1 : pow_dbl(2, log2 - 48),
+
+            // Decrease the approximation until it is smaller than the remainder.  Note
+            // that if it is too large, the product overflows and is negative.
+                approxRes = fromNumber(approx),
+                approxRem = approxRes.mul(divisor);
+            while (approxRem.isNegative() || approxRem.gt(rem)) {
+                approx -= delta;
+                approxRes = fromNumber(approx, this.unsigned);
+                approxRem = approxRes.mul(divisor);
+            }
+
+            // We know the answer can't be zero... and actually, zero would cause
+            // infinite recursion since we would make no progress.
+            if (approxRes.isZero())
+                approxRes = ONE;
+
+            res = res.add(approxRes);
+            rem = rem.sub(approxRem);
+        }
+        return res;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long divided by the specified. This is an alias of {@link Long#divide}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} divisor Divisor
+     * @returns {!Long} Quotient
+     */
+    LongPrototype.div = LongPrototype.divide;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long modulo the specified.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} divisor Divisor
+     * @returns {!Long} Remainder
+     */
+    LongPrototype.modulo = function modulo(divisor) {
+        if (!isLong(divisor))
+            divisor = fromValue(divisor);
+        return this.sub(this.div(divisor).mul(divisor));
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long modulo the specified. This is an alias of {@link Long#modulo}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} divisor Divisor
+     * @returns {!Long} Remainder
+     */
+    LongPrototype.mod = LongPrototype.modulo;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the bitwise NOT of this Long.
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.not = function not() {
+        return fromBits(~this.low, ~this.high, this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the bitwise AND of this Long and the specified.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other Long
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.and = function and(other) {
+        if (!isLong(other))
+            other = fromValue(other);
+        return fromBits(this.low & other.low, this.high & other.high, this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the bitwise OR of this Long and the specified.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other Long
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.or = function or(other) {
+        if (!isLong(other))
+            other = fromValue(other);
+        return fromBits(this.low | other.low, this.high | other.high, this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the bitwise XOR of this Long and the given one.
+     * @param {!Long|number|string} other Other Long
+     * @returns {!Long}
+     */
+    LongPrototype.xor = function xor(other) {
+        if (!isLong(other))
+            other = fromValue(other);
+        return fromBits(this.low ^ other.low, this.high ^ other.high, this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the left by the given amount.
+     * @param {number|!Long} numBits Number of bits
+     * @returns {!Long} Shifted Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.shiftLeft = function shiftLeft(numBits) {
+        if (isLong(numBits))
+            numBits = numBits.toInt();
+        if ((numBits &= 63) === 0)
+            return this;
+        else if (numBits < 32)
+            return fromBits(this.low << numBits, (this.high << numBits) | (this.low >>> (32 - numBits)), this.unsigned);
+        else
+            return fromBits(0, this.low << (numBits - 32), this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long with bits shifted to the left by the given amount. This is an alias of {@link Long#shiftLeft}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {number|!Long} numBits Number of bits
+     * @returns {!Long} Shifted Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.shl = LongPrototype.shiftLeft;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long with bits arithmetically shifted to the right by the given amount.
+     * @param {number|!Long} numBits Number of bits
+     * @returns {!Long} Shifted Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.shiftRight = function shiftRight(numBits) {
+        if (isLong(numBits))
+            numBits = numBits.toInt();
+        if ((numBits &= 63) === 0)
+            return this;
+        else if (numBits < 32)
+            return fromBits((this.low >>> numBits) | (this.high << (32 - numBits)), this.high >> numBits, this.unsigned);
+        else
+            return fromBits(this.high >> (numBits - 32), this.high >= 0 ? 0 : -1, this.unsigned);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long with bits arithmetically shifted to the right by the given amount. This is an alias of {@link Long#shiftRight}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {number|!Long} numBits Number of bits
+     * @returns {!Long} Shifted Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.shr = LongPrototype.shiftRight;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long with bits logically shifted to the right by the given amount.
+     * @param {number|!Long} numBits Number of bits
+     * @returns {!Long} Shifted Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.shiftRightUnsigned = function shiftRightUnsigned(numBits) {
+        if (isLong(numBits))
+            numBits = numBits.toInt();
+        numBits &= 63;
+        if (numBits === 0)
+            return this;
+        else {
+            var high = this.high;
+            if (numBits < 32) {
+                var low = this.low;
+                return fromBits((low >>> numBits) | (high << (32 - numBits)), high >>> numBits, this.unsigned);
+            } else if (numBits === 32)
+                return fromBits(high, 0, this.unsigned);
+            else
+                return fromBits(high >>> (numBits - 32), 0, this.unsigned);
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this Long with bits logically shifted to the right by the given amount. This is an alias of {@link Long#shiftRightUnsigned}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {number|!Long} numBits Number of bits
+     * @returns {!Long} Shifted Long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.shru = LongPrototype.shiftRightUnsigned;
+
+    /**
+     * Converts this Long to signed.
+     * @returns {!Long} Signed long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toSigned = function toSigned() {
+        if (!this.unsigned)
+            return this;
+        return fromBits(this.low, this.high, false);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Converts this Long to unsigned.
+     * @returns {!Long} Unsigned long
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toUnsigned = function toUnsigned() {
+        if (this.unsigned)
+            return this;
+        return fromBits(this.low, this.high, true);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Converts this Long to its byte representation.
+     * @param {boolean=} le Whether little or big endian, defaults to big endian
+     * @returns {!Array.<number>} Byte representation
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toBytes = function(le) {
+        return le ? this.toBytesLE() : this.toBytesBE();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts this Long to its little endian byte representation.
+     * @returns {!Array.<number>} Little endian byte representation
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toBytesLE = function() {
+        var hi = this.high,
+            lo = this.low;
+        return [
+             lo         & 0xff,
+            (lo >>>  8) & 0xff,
+            (lo >>> 16) & 0xff,
+            (lo >>> 24) & 0xff,
+             hi         & 0xff,
+            (hi >>>  8) & 0xff,
+            (hi >>> 16) & 0xff,
+            (hi >>> 24) & 0xff
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts this Long to its big endian byte representation.
+     * @returns {!Array.<number>} Big endian byte representation
+     */
+    LongPrototype.toBytesBE = function() {
+        var hi = this.high,
+            lo = this.low;
+        return [
+            (hi >>> 24) & 0xff,
+            (hi >>> 16) & 0xff,
+            (hi >>>  8) & 0xff,
+             hi         & 0xff,
+            (lo >>> 24) & 0xff,
+            (lo >>> 16) & 0xff,
+            (lo >>>  8) & 0xff,
+             lo         & 0xff
+        ];
+    }
+    return Long;
+});

3rdparty/protobuf.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5222 @@
+/*
+ Copyright 2013 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+
+ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @license protobuf.js (c) 2013 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
+ * Released under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/protobuf.js for details
+ */
+(function(global, factory) {
+    /* AMD */ if (typeof define === 'function' && define["amd"])
+        define(["bytebuffer"], factory);
+    /* CommonJS */ else if (typeof require === "function" && typeof module === "object" && module && module["exports"])
+        module["exports"] = factory(require("bytebuffer"), true);
+    /* Global */ else
+        (global["dcodeIO"] = global["dcodeIO"] || {})["ProtoBuf"] = factory(global["dcodeIO"]["ByteBuffer"]);
+
+})(this, function(ByteBuffer, isCommonJS) {
+    "use strict";
+
+    /**
+     * The ProtoBuf namespace.
+     * @exports ProtoBuf
+     * @namespace
+     * @expose
+     */
+    var ProtoBuf = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @type {!function(new: ByteBuffer, ...[*])}
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.ByteBuffer = ByteBuffer;
+
+    /**
+     * @type {?function(new: Long, ...[*])}
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.Long = ByteBuffer.Long || null;
+
+    /**
+     * ProtoBuf.js version.
+     * @type {string}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.VERSION = "5.0.1";
+
+    /**
+     * Wire types.
+     * @type {Object.<string,number>}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES = {};
+
+    /**
+     * Varint wire type.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Fixed 64 bits wire type.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64 = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Length delimited wire type.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Start group wire type.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * End group wire type.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Fixed 32 bits wire type.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32 = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Packable wire types.
+     * @type {!Array.<number>}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES = [
+        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64,
+        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Types.
+     * @dict
+     * @type {!Object.<string,{name: string, wireType: number, defaultValue: *}>}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.TYPES = {
+        // According to the protobuf spec.
+        "int32": {
+            name: "int32",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "uint32": {
+            name: "uint32",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "sint32": {
+            name: "sint32",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "int64": {
+            name: "int64",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: ProtoBuf.Long ? ProtoBuf.Long.ZERO : undefined
+        },
+        "uint64": {
+            name: "uint64",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: ProtoBuf.Long ? ProtoBuf.Long.UZERO : undefined
+        },
+        "sint64": {
+            name: "sint64",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: ProtoBuf.Long ? ProtoBuf.Long.ZERO : undefined
+        },
+        "bool": {
+            name: "bool",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: false
+        },
+        "double": {
+            name: "double",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "string": {
+            name: "string",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM,
+            defaultValue: ""
+        },
+        "bytes": {
+            name: "bytes",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM,
+            defaultValue: null // overridden in the code, must be a unique instance
+        },
+        "fixed32": {
+            name: "fixed32",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "sfixed32": {
+            name: "sfixed32",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "fixed64": {
+            name: "fixed64",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64,
+            defaultValue:  ProtoBuf.Long ? ProtoBuf.Long.UZERO : undefined
+        },
+        "sfixed64": {
+            name: "sfixed64",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64,
+            defaultValue: ProtoBuf.Long ? ProtoBuf.Long.ZERO : undefined
+        },
+        "float": {
+            name: "float",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "enum": {
+            name: "enum",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
+            defaultValue: 0
+        },
+        "message": {
+            name: "message",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM,
+            defaultValue: null
+        },
+        "group": {
+            name: "group",
+            wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP,
+            defaultValue: null
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Valid map key types.
+     * @type {!Array.<!Object.<string,{name: string, wireType: number, defaultValue: *}>>}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.MAP_KEY_TYPES = [
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"],
+        ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum field id.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.ID_MIN = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum field id.
+     * @type {number}
+     * @const
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.ID_MAX = 0x1FFFFFFF;
+
+    /**
+     * If set to `true`, field names will be converted from underscore notation to camel case. Defaults to `false`.
+     *  Must be set prior to parsing.
+     * @type {boolean}
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.convertFieldsToCamelCase = false;
+
+    /**
+     * By default, messages are populated with (setX, set_x) accessors for each field. This can be disabled by
+     *  setting this to `false` prior to building messages.
+     * @type {boolean}
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.populateAccessors = true;
+
+    /**
+     * By default, messages are populated with default values if a field is not present on the wire. To disable
+     *  this behavior, set this setting to `false`.
+     * @type {boolean}
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.populateDefaults = true;
+
+    /**
+     * @alias ProtoBuf.Util
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.Util = (function() {
+        "use strict";
+
+        /**
+         * ProtoBuf utilities.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Util
+         * @namespace
+         */
+        var Util = {};
+
+        /**
+         * Flag if running in node or not.
+         * @type {boolean}
+         * @const
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Util.IS_NODE = !!(
+            typeof process === 'object' && process+'' === '[object process]' && !process['browser']
+        );
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a XMLHttpRequest object.
+         * @return {XMLHttpRequest}
+         * @throws {Error} If XMLHttpRequest is not supported
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Util.XHR = function() {
+            // No dependencies please, ref: http://www.quirksmode.org/js/xmlhttp.html
+            var XMLHttpFactories = [
+                function () {return new XMLHttpRequest()},
+                function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")},
+                function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml3.XMLHTTP")},
+                function () {return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}
+            ];
+            /** @type {?XMLHttpRequest} */
+            var xhr = null;
+            for (var i=0;i<XMLHttpFactories.length;i++) {
+                try { xhr = XMLHttpFactories[i](); }
+                catch (e) { continue; }
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!xhr)
+                throw Error("XMLHttpRequest is not supported");
+            return xhr;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Fetches a resource.
+         * @param {string} path Resource path
+         * @param {function(?string)=} callback Callback receiving the resource's contents. If omitted the resource will
+         *   be fetched synchronously. If the request failed, contents will be null.
+         * @return {?string|undefined} Resource contents if callback is omitted (null if the request failed), else undefined.
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Util.fetch = function(path, callback) {
+            if (callback && typeof callback != 'function')
+                callback = null;
+            if (Util.IS_NODE) {
+                var fs = require("fs");
+                if (callback) {
+                    fs.readFile(path, function(err, data) {
+                        if (err)
+                            callback(null);
+                        else
+                            callback(""+data);
+                    });
+                } else
+                    try {
+                        return fs.readFileSync(path);
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+            } else {
+                var xhr = Util.XHR();
+                xhr.open('GET', path, callback ? true : false);
+                // xhr.setRequestHeader('User-Agent', 'XMLHTTP/1.0');
+                xhr.setRequestHeader('Accept', 'text/plain');
+                if (typeof xhr.overrideMimeType === 'function') xhr.overrideMimeType('text/plain');
+                if (callback) {
+                    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
+                        if (xhr.readyState != 4) return;
+                        if (/* remote */ xhr.status == 200 || /* local */ (xhr.status == 0 && typeof xhr.responseText === 'string'))
+                            callback(xhr.responseText);
+                        else
+                            callback(null);
+                    };
+                    if (xhr.readyState == 4)
+                        return;
+                    xhr.send(null);
+                } else {
+                    xhr.send(null);
+                    if (/* remote */ xhr.status == 200 || /* local */ (xhr.status == 0 && typeof xhr.responseText === 'string'))
+                        return xhr.responseText;
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Converts a string to camel case.
+         * @param {string} str
+         * @returns {string}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Util.toCamelCase = function(str) {
+            return str.replace(/_([a-zA-Z])/g, function ($0, $1) {
+                return $1.toUpperCase();
+            });
+        };
+
+        return Util;
+    })();
+
+    /**
+     * Language expressions.
+     * @type {!Object.<string,!RegExp>}
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.Lang = {
+
+        // Characters always ending a statement
+        DELIM: /[\s\{\}=;:\[\],'"\(\)<>]/g,
+
+        // Field rules
+        RULE: /^(?:required|optional|repeated|map)$/,
+
+        // Field types
+        TYPE: /^(?:double|float|int32|uint32|sint32|int64|uint64|sint64|fixed32|sfixed32|fixed64|sfixed64|bool|string|bytes)$/,
+
+        // Names
+        NAME: /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/,
+
+        // Type definitions
+        TYPEDEF: /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/,
+
+        // Type references
+        TYPEREF: /^(?:\.?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)+$/,
+
+        // Fully qualified type references
+        FQTYPEREF: /^(?:\.[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)+$/,
+
+        // All numbers
+        NUMBER: /^-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0|0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|0[0-7]+|([0-9]*(\.[0-9]*)?([Ee][+-]?[0-9]+)?)|inf|nan)$/,
+
+        // Decimal numbers
+        NUMBER_DEC: /^(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0)$/,
+
+        // Hexadecimal numbers
+        NUMBER_HEX: /^0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+$/,
+
+        // Octal numbers
+        NUMBER_OCT: /^0[0-7]+$/,
+
+        // Floating point numbers
+        NUMBER_FLT: /^([0-9]*(\.[0-9]*)?([Ee][+-]?[0-9]+)?|inf|nan)$/,
+
+        // Booleans
+        BOOL: /^(?:true|false)$/i,
+
+        // Id numbers
+        ID: /^(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0|0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|0[0-7]+)$/,
+
+        // Negative id numbers (enum values)
+        NEGID: /^\-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0|0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|0[0-7]+)$/,
+
+        // Whitespaces
+        WHITESPACE: /\s/,
+
+        // All strings
+        STRING: /(?:"([^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*)")|(?:'([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)')/g,
+
+        // Double quoted strings
+        STRING_DQ: /(?:"([^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*)")/g,
+
+        // Single quoted strings
+        STRING_SQ: /(?:'([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)')/g
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @alias ProtoBuf.DotProto
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.DotProto = (function(ProtoBuf, Lang) {
+        "use strict";
+
+        /**
+         * Utilities to parse .proto files.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.DotProto
+         * @namespace
+         */
+        var DotProto = {};
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Tokenizer.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.DotProto.Tokenizer
+         * @class prototype tokenizer
+         * @param {string} proto Proto to tokenize
+         * @constructor
+         */
+        var Tokenizer = function(proto) {
+
+            /**
+             * Source to parse.
+             * @type {string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.source = proto+"";
+
+            /**
+             * Current index.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.index = 0;
+
+            /**
+             * Current line.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.line = 1;
+
+            /**
+             * Token stack.
+             * @type {!Array.<string>}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.stack = [];
+
+            /**
+             * Opening character of the current string read, if any.
+             * @type {?string}
+             * @private
+             */
+            this._stringOpen = null;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.DotProto.Tokenizer.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var TokenizerPrototype = Tokenizer.prototype;
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a string beginning at the current index.
+         * @return {string}
+         * @private
+         */
+        TokenizerPrototype._readString = function() {
+            var re = this._stringOpen === '"'
+                ? Lang.STRING_DQ
+                : Lang.STRING_SQ;
+            re.lastIndex = this.index - 1; // Include the open quote
+            var match = re.exec(this.source);
+            if (!match)
+                throw Error("unterminated string");
+            this.index = re.lastIndex;
+            this.stack.push(this._stringOpen);
+            this._stringOpen = null;
+            return match[1];
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the next token and advances by one.
+         * @return {?string} Token or `null` on EOF
+         * @expose
+         */
+        TokenizerPrototype.next = function() {
+            if (this.stack.length > 0)
+                return this.stack.shift();
+            if (this.index >= this.source.length)
+                return null;
+            if (this._stringOpen !== null)
+                return this._readString();
+
+            var repeat,
+                prev,
+                next;
+            do {
+                repeat = false;
+
+                // Strip white spaces
+                while (Lang.WHITESPACE.test(next = this.source.charAt(this.index))) {
+                    if (next === '\n')
+                        ++this.line;
+                    if (++this.index === this.source.length)
+                        return null;
+                }
+
+                // Strip comments
+                if (this.source.charAt(this.index) === '/') {
+                    ++this.index;
+                    if (this.source.charAt(this.index) === '/') { // Line
+                        while (this.source.charAt(++this.index) !== '\n')
+                            if (this.index == this.source.length)
+                                return null;
+                        ++this.index;
+                        ++this.line;
+                        repeat = true;
+                    } else if ((next = this.source.charAt(this.index)) === '*') { /* Block */
+                        do {
+                            if (next === '\n')
+                                ++this.line;
+                            if (++this.index === this.source.length)
+                                return null;
+                            prev = next;
+                            next = this.source.charAt(this.index);
+                        } while (prev !== '*' || next !== '/');
+                        ++this.index;
+                        repeat = true;
+                    } else
+                        return '/';
+                }
+            } while (repeat);
+
+            if (this.index === this.source.length)
+                return null;
+
+            // Read the next token
+            var end = this.index;
+            Lang.DELIM.lastIndex = 0;
+            var delim = Lang.DELIM.test(this.source.charAt(end++));
+            if (!delim)
+                while(end < this.source.length && !Lang.DELIM.test(this.source.charAt(end)))
+                    ++end;
+            var token = this.source.substring(this.index, this.index = end);
+            if (token === '"' || token === "'")
+                this._stringOpen = token;
+            return token;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Peeks for the next token.
+         * @return {?string} Token or `null` on EOF
+         * @expose
+         */
+        TokenizerPrototype.peek = function() {
+            if (this.stack.length === 0) {
+                var token = this.next();
+                if (token === null)
+                    return null;
+                this.stack.push(token);
+            }
+            return this.stack[0];
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Skips a specific token and throws if it differs.
+         * @param {string} expected Expected token
+         * @throws {Error} If the actual token differs
+         */
+        TokenizerPrototype.skip = function(expected) {
+            var actual = this.next();
+            if (actual !== expected)
+                throw Error("illegal '"+actual+"', '"+expected+"' expected");
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Omits an optional token.
+         * @param {string} expected Expected optional token
+         * @returns {boolean} `true` if the token exists
+         */
+        TokenizerPrototype.omit = function(expected) {
+            if (this.peek() === expected) {
+                this.next();
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a string representation of this object.
+         * @return {string} String representation as of "Tokenizer(index/length)"
+         * @expose
+         */
+        TokenizerPrototype.toString = function() {
+            return "Tokenizer ("+this.index+"/"+this.source.length+" at line "+this.line+")";
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.DotProto.Tokenizer
+         * @expose
+         */
+        DotProto.Tokenizer = Tokenizer;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Parser.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.DotProto.Parser
+         * @class prototype parser
+         * @param {string} source Source
+         * @constructor
+         */
+        var Parser = function(source) {
+
+            /**
+             * Tokenizer.
+             * @type {!ProtoBuf.DotProto.Tokenizer}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.tn = new Tokenizer(source);
+
+            /**
+             * Whether parsing proto3 or not.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             */
+            this.proto3 = false;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.DotProto.Parser.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var ParserPrototype = Parser.prototype;
+
+        /**
+         * Parses the source.
+         * @returns {!Object}
+         * @throws {Error} If the source cannot be parsed
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ParserPrototype.parse = function() {
+            var topLevel = {
+                "name": "[ROOT]", // temporary
+                "package": null,
+                "messages": [],
+                "enums": [],
+                "imports": [],
+                "options": {},
+                "services": []
+                // "syntax": undefined
+            };
+            var token,
+                head = true,
+                weak;
+            try {
+                while (token = this.tn.next()) {
+                    switch (token) {
+                        case 'package':
+                            if (!head || topLevel["package"] !== null)
+                                throw Error("unexpected 'package'");
+                            token = this.tn.next();
+                            if (!Lang.TYPEREF.test(token))
+                                throw Error("illegal package name: " + token);
+                            this.tn.skip(";");
+                            topLevel["package"] = token;
+                            break;
+                        case 'import':
+                            if (!head)
+                                throw Error("unexpected 'import'");
+                            token = this.tn.peek();
+                            if (token === "public" || (weak = token === "weak")) // token ignored
+                                this.tn.next();
+                            token = this._readString();
+                            this.tn.skip(";");
+                            if (!weak) // import ignored
+                                topLevel["imports"].push(token);
+                            break;
+                        case 'syntax':
+                            if (!head)
+                                throw Error("unexpected 'syntax'");
+                            this.tn.skip("=");
+                            if ((topLevel["syntax"] = this._readString()) === "proto3")
+                                this.proto3 = true;
+                            this.tn.skip(";");
+                            break;
+                        case 'message':
+                            this._parseMessage(topLevel, null);
+                            head = false;
+                            break;
+                        case 'enum':
+                            this._parseEnum(topLevel);
+                            head = false;
+                            break;
+                        case 'option':
+                            this._parseOption(topLevel);
+                            break;
+                        case 'service':
+                            this._parseService(topLevel);
+                            break;
+                        case 'extend':
+                            this._parseExtend(topLevel);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            throw Error("unexpected '" + token + "'");
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (e) {
+                e.message = "Parse error at line "+this.tn.line+": " + e.message;
+                throw e;
+            }
+            delete topLevel["name"];
+            return topLevel;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses the specified source.
+         * @returns {!Object}
+         * @throws {Error} If the source cannot be parsed
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Parser.parse = function(source) {
+            return new Parser(source).parse();
+        };
+
+        // ----- Conversion ------
+
+        /**
+         * Converts a numerical string to an id.
+         * @param {string} value
+         * @param {boolean=} mayBeNegative
+         * @returns {number}
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function mkId(value, mayBeNegative) {
+            var id = -1,
+                sign = 1;
+            if (value.charAt(0) == '-') {
+                sign = -1;
+                value = value.substring(1);
+            }
+            if (Lang.NUMBER_DEC.test(value))
+                id = parseInt(value);
+            else if (Lang.NUMBER_HEX.test(value))
+                id = parseInt(value.substring(2), 16);
+            else if (Lang.NUMBER_OCT.test(value))
+                id = parseInt(value.substring(1), 8);
+            else
+                throw Error("illegal id value: " + (sign < 0 ? '-' : '') + value);
+            id = (sign*id)|0; // Force to 32bit
+            if (!mayBeNegative && id < 0)
+                throw Error("illegal id value: " + (sign < 0 ? '-' : '') + value);
+            return id;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Converts a numerical string to a number.
+         * @param {string} val
+         * @returns {number}
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function mkNumber(val) {
+            var sign = 1;
+            if (val.charAt(0) == '-') {
+                sign = -1;
+                val = val.substring(1);
+            }
+            if (Lang.NUMBER_DEC.test(val))
+                return sign * parseInt(val, 10);
+            else if (Lang.NUMBER_HEX.test(val))
+                return sign * parseInt(val.substring(2), 16);
+            else if (Lang.NUMBER_OCT.test(val))
+                return sign * parseInt(val.substring(1), 8);
+            else if (val === 'inf')
+                return sign * Infinity;
+            else if (val === 'nan')
+                return NaN;
+            else if (Lang.NUMBER_FLT.test(val))
+                return sign * parseFloat(val);
+            throw Error("illegal number value: " + (sign < 0 ? '-' : '') + val);
+        }
+
+        // ----- Reading ------
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a string.
+         * @returns {string}
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._readString = function() {
+            var value = "",
+                token,
+                delim;
+            do {
+                delim = this.tn.next();
+                if (delim !== "'" && delim !== '"')
+                    throw Error("illegal string delimiter: "+delim);
+                value += this.tn.next();
+                this.tn.skip(delim);
+                token = this.tn.peek();
+            } while (token === '"' || token === '"'); // multi line?
+            return value;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Reads a value.
+         * @param {boolean=} mayBeTypeRef
+         * @returns {number|boolean|string}
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._readValue = function(mayBeTypeRef) {
+            var token = this.tn.peek(),
+                value;
+            if (token === '"' || token === "'")
+                return this._readString();
+            this.tn.next();
+            if (Lang.NUMBER.test(token))
+                return mkNumber(token);
+            if (Lang.BOOL.test(token))
+                return (token.toLowerCase() === 'true');
+            if (mayBeTypeRef && Lang.TYPEREF.test(token))
+                return token;
+            throw Error("illegal value: "+token);
+
+        };
+
+        // ----- Parsing constructs -----
+
+        /**
+         * Parses a namespace option.
+         * @param {!Object} parent Parent definition
+         * @param {boolean=} isList
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseOption = function(parent, isList) {
+            var token = this.tn.next(),
+                custom = false;
+            if (token === '(') {
+                custom = true;
+                token = this.tn.next();
+            }
+            if (!Lang.TYPEREF.test(token))
+                // we can allow options of the form google.protobuf.* since they will just get ignored anyways
+                // if (!/google\.protobuf\./.test(token)) // FIXME: Why should that not be a valid typeref?
+                    throw Error("illegal option name: "+token);
+            var name = token;
+            if (custom) { // (my_method_option).foo, (my_method_option), some_method_option, (foo.my_option).bar
+                this.tn.skip(')');
+                name = '('+name+')';
+                token = this.tn.peek();
+                if (Lang.FQTYPEREF.test(token)) {
+                    name += token;
+                    this.tn.next();
+                }
+            }
+            this.tn.skip('=');
+            this._parseOptionValue(parent, name);
+            if (!isList)
+                this.tn.skip(";");
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Sets an option on the specified options object.
+         * @param {!Object.<string,*>} options
+         * @param {string} name
+         * @param {string|number|boolean} value
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function setOption(options, name, value) {
+            if (typeof options[name] === 'undefined')
+                options[name] = value;
+            else {
+                if (!Array.isArray(options[name]))
+                    options[name] = [ options[name] ];
+                options[name].push(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Parses an option value.
+         * @param {!Object} parent
+         * @param {string} name
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseOptionValue = function(parent, name) {
+            var token = this.tn.peek();
+            if (token !== '{') { // Plain value
+                setOption(parent["options"], name, this._readValue(true));
+            } else { // Aggregate options
+                this.tn.skip("{");
+                while ((token = this.tn.next()) !== '}') {
+                    if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                        throw Error("illegal option name: " + name + "." + token);
+                    if (this.tn.omit(":"))
+                        setOption(parent["options"], name + "." + token, this._readValue(true));
+                    else
+                        this._parseOptionValue(parent, name + "." + token);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses a service definition.
+         * @param {!Object} parent Parent definition
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseService = function(parent) {
+            var token = this.tn.next();
+            if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                throw Error("illegal service name at line "+this.tn.line+": "+token);
+            var name = token;
+            var svc = {
+                "name": name,
+                "rpc": {},
+                "options": {}
+            };
+            this.tn.skip("{");
+            while ((token = this.tn.next()) !== '}') {
+                if (token === "option")
+                    this._parseOption(svc);
+                else if (token === 'rpc')
+                    this._parseServiceRPC(svc);
+                else
+                    throw Error("illegal service token: "+token);
+            }
+            this.tn.omit(";");
+            parent["services"].push(svc);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses a RPC service definition of the form ['rpc', name, (request), 'returns', (response)].
+         * @param {!Object} svc Service definition
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseServiceRPC = function(svc) {
+            var type = "rpc",
+                token = this.tn.next();
+            if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                throw Error("illegal rpc service method name: "+token);
+            var name = token;
+            var method = {
+                "request": null,
+                "response": null,
+                "request_stream": false,
+                "response_stream": false,
+                "options": {}
+            };
+            this.tn.skip("(");
+            token = this.tn.next();
+            if (token.toLowerCase() === "stream") {
+              method["request_stream"] = true;
+              token = this.tn.next();
+            }
+            if (!Lang.TYPEREF.test(token))
+                throw Error("illegal rpc service request type: "+token);
+            method["request"] = token;
+            this.tn.skip(")");
+            token = this.tn.next();
+            if (token.toLowerCase() !== "returns")
+                throw Error("illegal rpc service request type delimiter: "+token);
+            this.tn.skip("(");
+            token = this.tn.next();
+            if (token.toLowerCase() === "stream") {
+              method["response_stream"] = true;
+              token = this.tn.next();
+            }
+            method["response"] = token;
+            this.tn.skip(")");
+            token = this.tn.peek();
+            if (token === '{') {
+                this.tn.next();
+                while ((token = this.tn.next()) !== '}') {
+                    if (token === 'option')
+                        this._parseOption(method);
+                    else
+                        throw Error("illegal rpc service token: " + token);
+                }
+                this.tn.omit(";");
+            } else
+                this.tn.skip(";");
+            if (typeof svc[type] === 'undefined')
+                svc[type] = {};
+            svc[type][name] = method;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses a message definition.
+         * @param {!Object} parent Parent definition
+         * @param {!Object=} fld Field definition if this is a group
+         * @returns {!Object}
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseMessage = function(parent, fld) {
+            var isGroup = !!fld,
+                token = this.tn.next();
+            var msg = {
+                "name": "",
+                "fields": [],
+                "enums": [],
+                "messages": [],
+                "options": {},
+                "services": [],
+                "oneofs": {}
+                // "extensions": undefined
+            };
+            if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                throw Error("illegal "+(isGroup ? "group" : "message")+" name: "+token);
+            msg["name"] = token;
+            if (isGroup) {
+                this.tn.skip("=");
+                fld["id"] = mkId(this.tn.next());
+                msg["isGroup"] = true;
+            }
+            token = this.tn.peek();
+            if (token === '[' && fld)
+                this._parseFieldOptions(fld);
+            this.tn.skip("{");
+            while ((token = this.tn.next()) !== '}') {
+                if (Lang.RULE.test(token))
+                    this._parseMessageField(msg, token);
+                else if (token === "oneof")
+                    this._parseMessageOneOf(msg);
+                else if (token === "enum")
+                    this._parseEnum(msg);
+                else if (token === "message")
+                    this._parseMessage(msg);
+                else if (token === "option")
+                    this._parseOption(msg);
+                else if (token === "service")
+                    this._parseService(msg);
+                else if (token === "extensions")
+                    msg["extensions"] = this._parseExtensionRanges();
+                else if (token === "reserved")
+                    this._parseIgnored(); // TODO
+                else if (token === "extend")
+                    this._parseExtend(msg);
+                else if (Lang.TYPEREF.test(token)) {
+                    if (!this.proto3)
+                        throw Error("illegal field rule: "+token);
+                    this._parseMessageField(msg, "optional", token);
+                } else
+                    throw Error("illegal message token: "+token);
+            }
+            this.tn.omit(";");
+            parent["messages"].push(msg);
+            return msg;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses an ignored statement.
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseIgnored = function() {
+            while (this.tn.peek() !== ';')
+                this.tn.next();
+            this.tn.skip(";");
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses a message field.
+         * @param {!Object} msg Message definition
+         * @param {string} rule Field rule
+         * @param {string=} type Field type if already known (never known for maps)
+         * @returns {!Object} Field descriptor
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseMessageField = function(msg, rule, type) {
+            if (!Lang.RULE.test(rule))
+                throw Error("illegal message field rule: "+rule);
+            var fld = {
+                "rule": rule,
+                "type": "",
+                "name": "",
+                "options": {},
+                "id": 0
+            };
+            var token;
+            if (rule === "map") {
+
+                if (type)
+                    throw Error("illegal type: " + type);
+                this.tn.skip('<');
+                token = this.tn.next();
+                if (!Lang.TYPE.test(token) && !Lang.TYPEREF.test(token))
+                    throw Error("illegal message field type: " + token);
+                fld["keytype"] = token;
+                this.tn.skip(',');
+                token = this.tn.next();
+                if (!Lang.TYPE.test(token) && !Lang.TYPEREF.test(token))
+                    throw Error("illegal message field: " + token);
+                fld["type"] = token;
+                this.tn.skip('>');
+                token = this.tn.next();
+                if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                    throw Error("illegal message field name: " + token);
+                fld["name"] = token;
+                this.tn.skip("=");
+                fld["id"] = mkId(this.tn.next());
+                token = this.tn.peek();
+                if (token === '[')
+                    this._parseFieldOptions(fld);
+                this.tn.skip(";");
+
+            } else {
+
+                type = typeof type !== 'undefined' ? type : this.tn.next();
+
+                if (type === "group") {
+
+                    // "A [legacy] group simply combines a nested message type and a field into a single declaration. In your
+                    // code, you can treat this message just as if it had a Result type field called result (the latter name is
+                    // converted to lower-case so that it does not conflict with the former)."
+                    var grp = this._parseMessage(msg, fld);
+                    if (!/^[A-Z]/.test(grp["name"]))
+                        throw Error('illegal group name: '+grp["name"]);
+                    fld["type"] = grp["name"];
+                    fld["name"] = grp["name"].toLowerCase();
+                    this.tn.omit(";");
+
+                } else {
+
+                    if (!Lang.TYPE.test(type) && !Lang.TYPEREF.test(type))
+                        throw Error("illegal message field type: " + type);
+                    fld["type"] = type;
+                    token = this.tn.next();
+                    if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                        throw Error("illegal message field name: " + token);
+                    fld["name"] = token;
+                    this.tn.skip("=");
+                    fld["id"] = mkId(this.tn.next());
+                    token = this.tn.peek();
+                    if (token === "[")
+                        this._parseFieldOptions(fld);
+                    this.tn.skip(";");
+
+                }
+            }
+            msg["fields"].push(fld);
+            return fld;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses a message oneof.
+         * @param {!Object} msg Message definition
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseMessageOneOf = function(msg) {
+            var token = this.tn.next();
+            if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                throw Error("illegal oneof name: "+token);
+            var name = token,
+                fld;
+            var fields = [];
+            this.tn.skip("{");
+            while ((token = this.tn.next()) !== "}") {
+                fld = this._parseMessageField(msg, "optional", token);
+                fld["oneof"] = name;
+                fields.push(fld["id"]);
+            }
+            this.tn.omit(";");
+            msg["oneofs"][name] = fields;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses a set of field option definitions.
+         * @param {!Object} fld Field definition
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseFieldOptions = function(fld) {
+            this.tn.skip("[");
+            var token,
+                first = true;
+            while ((token = this.tn.peek()) !== ']') {
+                if (!first)
+                    this.tn.skip(",");
+                this._parseOption(fld, true);
+                first = false;
+            }
+            this.tn.next();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses an enum.
+         * @param {!Object} msg Message definition
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseEnum = function(msg) {
+            var enm = {
+                "name": "",
+                "values": [],
+                "options": {}
+            };
+            var token = this.tn.next();
+            if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                throw Error("illegal name: "+token);
+            enm["name"] = token;
+            this.tn.skip("{");
+            while ((token = this.tn.next()) !== '}') {
+                if (token === "option")
+                    this._parseOption(enm);
+                else {
+                    if (!Lang.NAME.test(token))
+                        throw Error("illegal name: "+token);
+                    this.tn.skip("=");
+                    var val = {
+                        "name": token,
+                        "id": mkId(this.tn.next(), true)
+                    };
+                    token = this.tn.peek();
+                    if (token === "[")
+                        this._parseFieldOptions({ "options": {} });
+                    this.tn.skip(";");
+                    enm["values"].push(val);
+                }
+            }
+            this.tn.omit(";");
+            msg["enums"].push(enm);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses extension / reserved ranges.
+         * @returns {!Array.<!Array.<number>>}
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseExtensionRanges = function() {
+            var ranges = [];
+            var token,
+                range,
+                value;
+            do {
+                range = [];
+                while (true) {
+                    token = this.tn.next();
+                    switch (token) {
+                        case "min":
+                            value = ProtoBuf.ID_MIN;
+                            break;
+                        case "max":
+                            value = ProtoBuf.ID_MAX;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            value = mkNumber(token);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    range.push(value);
+                    if (range.length === 2)
+                        break;
+                    if (this.tn.peek() !== "to") {
+                        range.push(value);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    this.tn.next();
+                }
+                ranges.push(range);
+            } while (this.tn.omit(","));
+            this.tn.skip(";");
+            return ranges;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses an extend block.
+         * @param {!Object} parent Parent object
+         * @private
+         */
+        ParserPrototype._parseExtend = function(parent) {
+            var token = this.tn.next();
+            if (!Lang.TYPEREF.test(token))
+                throw Error("illegal extend reference: "+token);
+            var ext = {
+                "ref": token,
+                "fields": []
+            };
+            this.tn.skip("{");
+            while ((token = this.tn.next()) !== '}') {
+                if (Lang.RULE.test(token))
+                    this._parseMessageField(ext, token);
+                else if (Lang.TYPEREF.test(token)) {
+                    if (!this.proto3)
+                        throw Error("illegal field rule: "+token);
+                    this._parseMessageField(ext, "optional", token);
+                } else
+                    throw Error("illegal extend token: "+token);
+            }
+            this.tn.omit(";");
+            parent["messages"].push(ext);
+            return ext;
+        };
+
+        // ----- General -----
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a string representation of this parser.
+         * @returns {string}
+         */
+        ParserPrototype.toString = function() {
+            return "Parser at line "+this.tn.line;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.DotProto.Parser
+         * @expose
+         */
+        DotProto.Parser = Parser;
+
+        return DotProto;
+
+    })(ProtoBuf, ProtoBuf.Lang);
+
+    /**
+     * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.Reflect = (function(ProtoBuf) {
+        "use strict";
+
+        /**
+         * Reflection types.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect
+         * @namespace
+         */
+        var Reflect = {};
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a Reflect base class.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
+         * @constructor
+         * @abstract
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} parent Parent object
+         * @param {string} name Object name
+         */
+        var T = function(builder, parent, name) {
+
+            /**
+             * Builder reference.
+             * @type {!ProtoBuf.Builder}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.builder = builder;
+
+            /**
+             * Parent object.
+             * @type {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.T}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.parent = parent;
+
+            /**
+             * Object name in namespace.
+             * @type {string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.name = name;
+
+            /**
+             * Fully qualified class name
+             * @type {string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.className;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.T.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var TPrototype = T.prototype;
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the fully qualified name of this object.
+         * @returns {string} Fully qualified name as of ".PATH.TO.THIS"
+         * @expose
+         */
+        TPrototype.fqn = function() {
+            var name = this.name,
+                ptr = this;
+            do {
+                ptr = ptr.parent;
+                if (ptr == null)
+                    break;
+                name = ptr.name+"."+name;
+            } while (true);
+            return name;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a string representation of this Reflect object (its fully qualified name).
+         * @param {boolean=} includeClass Set to true to include the class name. Defaults to false.
+         * @return String representation
+         * @expose
+         */
+        TPrototype.toString = function(includeClass) {
+            return (includeClass ? this.className + " " : "") + this.fqn();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Builds this type.
+         * @throws {Error} If this type cannot be built directly
+         * @expose
+         */
+        TPrototype.build = function() {
+            throw Error(this.toString(true)+" cannot be built directly");
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.T = T;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Namespace.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} parent Namespace parent
+         * @param {string} name Namespace name
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Namespace options
+         * @param {string?} syntax The syntax level of this definition (e.g., proto3)
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
+         */
+        var Namespace = function(builder, parent, name, options, syntax) {
+            T.call(this, builder, parent, name);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Namespace";
+
+            /**
+             * Children inside the namespace.
+             * @type {!Array.<ProtoBuf.Reflect.T>}
+             */
+            this.children = [];
+
+            /**
+             * Options.
+             * @type {!Object.<string, *>}
+             */
+            this.options = options || {};
+
+            /**
+             * Syntax level (e.g., proto2 or proto3).
+             * @type {!string}
+             */
+            this.syntax = syntax || "proto2";
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var NamespacePrototype = Namespace.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an array of the namespace's children.
+         * @param {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T=} type Filter type (returns instances of this type only). Defaults to null (all children).
+         * @return {Array.<ProtoBuf.Reflect.T>}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.getChildren = function(type) {
+            type = type || null;
+            if (type == null)
+                return this.children.slice();
+            var children = [];
+            for (var i=0, k=this.children.length; i<k; ++i)
+                if (this.children[i] instanceof type)
+                    children.push(this.children[i]);
+            return children;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Adds a child to the namespace.
+         * @param {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} child Child
+         * @throws {Error} If the child cannot be added (duplicate)
+         * @expose
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.addChild = function(child) {
+            var other;
+            if (other = this.getChild(child.name)) {
+                // Try to revert camelcase transformation on collision
+                if (other instanceof Message.Field && other.name !== other.originalName && this.getChild(other.originalName) === null)
+                    other.name = other.originalName; // Revert previous first (effectively keeps both originals)
+                else if (child instanceof Message.Field && child.name !== child.originalName && this.getChild(child.originalName) === null)
+                    child.name = child.originalName;
+                else
+                    throw Error("Duplicate name in namespace "+this.toString(true)+": "+child.name);
+            }
+            this.children.push(child);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Gets a child by its name or id.
+         * @param {string|number} nameOrId Child name or id
+         * @return {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} The child or null if not found
+         * @expose
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.getChild = function(nameOrId) {
+            var key = typeof nameOrId === 'number' ? 'id' : 'name';
+            for (var i=0, k=this.children.length; i<k; ++i)
+                if (this.children[i][key] === nameOrId)
+                    return this.children[i];
+            return null;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Resolves a reflect object inside of this namespace.
+         * @param {string|!Array.<string>} qn Qualified name to resolve
+         * @param {boolean=} excludeNonNamespace Excludes non-namespace types, defaults to `false`
+         * @return {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} The resolved type or null if not found
+         * @expose
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.resolve = function(qn, excludeNonNamespace) {
+            var part = typeof qn === 'string' ? qn.split(".") : qn,
+                ptr = this,
+                i = 0;
+            if (part[i] === "") { // Fully qualified name, e.g. ".My.Message'
+                while (ptr.parent !== null)
+                    ptr = ptr.parent;
+                i++;
+            }
+            var child;
+            do {
+                do {
+                    if (!(ptr instanceof Reflect.Namespace)) {
+                        ptr = null;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    child = ptr.getChild(part[i]);
+                    if (!child || !(child instanceof Reflect.T) || (excludeNonNamespace && !(child instanceof Reflect.Namespace))) {
+                        ptr = null;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ptr = child; i++;
+                } while (i < part.length);
+                if (ptr != null)
+                    break; // Found
+                // Else search the parent
+                if (this.parent !== null)
+                    return this.parent.resolve(qn, excludeNonNamespace);
+            } while (ptr != null);
+            return ptr;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Determines the shortest qualified name of the specified type, if any, relative to this namespace.
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} t Reflection type
+         * @returns {string} The shortest qualified name or, if there is none, the fqn
+         * @expose
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.qn = function(t) {
+            var part = [], ptr = t;
+            do {
+                part.unshift(ptr.name);
+                ptr = ptr.parent;
+            } while (ptr !== null);
+            for (var len=1; len <= part.length; len++) {
+                var qn = part.slice(part.length-len);
+                if (t === this.resolve(qn, t instanceof Reflect.Namespace))
+                    return qn.join(".");
+            }
+            return t.fqn();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the namespace and returns the runtime counterpart.
+         * @return {Object.<string,Function|Object>} Runtime namespace
+         * @expose
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.build = function() {
+            /** @dict */
+            var ns = {};
+            var children = this.children;
+            for (var i=0, k=children.length, child; i<k; ++i) {
+                child = children[i];
+                if (child instanceof Namespace)
+                    ns[child.name] = child.build();
+            }
+            if (Object.defineProperty)
+                Object.defineProperty(ns, "$options", { "value": this.buildOpt() });
+            return ns;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the namespace's '$options' property.
+         * @return {Object.<string,*>}
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.buildOpt = function() {
+            var opt = {},
+                keys = Object.keys(this.options);
+            for (var i=0, k=keys.length; i<k; ++i) {
+                var key = keys[i],
+                    val = this.options[keys[i]];
+                // TODO: Options are not resolved, yet.
+                // if (val instanceof Namespace) {
+                //     opt[key] = val.build();
+                // } else {
+                opt[key] = val;
+                // }
+            }
+            return opt;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the value assigned to the option with the specified name.
+         * @param {string=} name Returns the option value if specified, otherwise all options are returned.
+         * @return {*|Object.<string,*>}null} Option value or NULL if there is no such option
+         */
+        NamespacePrototype.getOption = function(name) {
+            if (typeof name === 'undefined')
+                return this.options;
+            return typeof this.options[name] !== 'undefined' ? this.options[name] : null;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Namespace = Namespace;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Element implementation that checks and converts values for a
+         * particular field type, as appropriate.
+         *
+         * An Element represents a single value: either the value of a singular field,
+         * or a value contained in one entry of a repeated field or map field. This
+         * class does not implement these higher-level concepts; it only encapsulates
+         * the low-level typechecking and conversion.
+         *
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Element
+         * @param {{name: string, wireType: number}} type Resolved data type
+         * @param {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T|null} resolvedType Resolved type, if relevant
+         * (e.g. submessage field).
+         * @param {boolean} isMapKey Is this element a Map key? The value will be
+         * converted to string form if so.
+         * @param {string} syntax Syntax level of defining message type, e.g.,
+         * proto2 or proto3.
+         * @constructor
+         */
+        var Element = function(type, resolvedType, isMapKey, syntax) {
+
+            /**
+             * Element type, as a string (e.g., int32).
+             * @type {{name: string, wireType: number}}
+             */
+            this.type = type;
+
+            /**
+             * Element type reference to submessage or enum definition, if needed.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T|null}
+             */
+            this.resolvedType = resolvedType;
+
+            /**
+             * Element is a map key.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             */
+            this.isMapKey = isMapKey;
+
+            /**
+             * Syntax level of defining message type, e.g., proto2 or proto3.
+             * @type {string}
+             */
+            this.syntax = syntax;
+
+            if (isMapKey && ProtoBuf.MAP_KEY_TYPES.indexOf(type) < 0)
+                throw Error("Invalid map key type: " + type.name);
+        };
+
+        var ElementPrototype = Element.prototype;
+
+        /**
+         * Obtains a (new) default value for the specified type.
+         * @param type {string|{name: string, wireType: number}} Field type
+         * @returns {*} Default value
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function mkDefault(type) {
+            if (typeof type === 'string')
+                type = ProtoBuf.TYPES[type];
+            if (typeof type.defaultValue === 'undefined')
+                throw Error("default value for type "+type.name+" is not supported");
+            if (type == ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"])
+                return new ByteBuffer(0);
+            return type.defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the default value for this field in proto3.
+         * @function
+         * @param type {string|{name: string, wireType: number}} the field type
+         * @returns {*} Default value
+         */
+        Element.defaultFieldValue = mkDefault;
+
+        /**
+         * Makes a Long from a value.
+         * @param {{low: number, high: number, unsigned: boolean}|string|number} value Value
+         * @param {boolean=} unsigned Whether unsigned or not, defaults to reuse it from Long-like objects or to signed for
+         *  strings and numbers
+         * @returns {!Long}
+         * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be converted to a Long
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function mkLong(value, unsigned) {
+            if (value && typeof value.low === 'number' && typeof value.high === 'number' && typeof value.unsigned === 'boolean'
+                && value.low === value.low && value.high === value.high)
+                return new ProtoBuf.Long(value.low, value.high, typeof unsigned === 'undefined' ? value.unsigned : unsigned);
+            if (typeof value === 'string')
+                return ProtoBuf.Long.fromString(value, unsigned || false, 10);
+            if (typeof value === 'number')
+                return ProtoBuf.Long.fromNumber(value, unsigned || false);
+            throw Error("not convertible to Long");
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks if the given value can be set for an element of this type (singular
+         * field or one element of a repeated field or map).
+         * @param {*} value Value to check
+         * @return {*} Verified, maybe adjusted, value
+         * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be verified for this element slot
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ElementPrototype.verifyValue = function(value) {
+            var self = this;
+            function fail(val, msg) {
+                throw Error("Illegal value for "+self.toString(true)+" of type "+self.type.name+": "+val+" ("+msg+")");
+            }
+            switch (this.type) {
+                // Signed 32bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
+                    // Account for !NaN: value === value
+                    if (typeof value !== 'number' || (value === value && value % 1 !== 0))
+                        fail(typeof value, "not an integer");
+                    return value > 4294967295 ? value | 0 : value;
+
+                // Unsigned 32bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
+                    if (typeof value !== 'number' || (value === value && value % 1 !== 0))
+                        fail(typeof value, "not an integer");
+                    return value < 0 ? value >>> 0 : value;
+
+                // Signed 64bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]: {
+                    if (ProtoBuf.Long)
+                        try {
+                            return mkLong(value, false);
+                        } catch (e) {
+                            fail(typeof value, e.message);
+                        }
+                    else
+                        fail(typeof value, "requires Long.js");
+                }
+
+                // Unsigned 64bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]: {
+                    if (ProtoBuf.Long)
+                        try {
+                            return mkLong(value, true);
+                        } catch (e) {
+                            fail(typeof value, e.message);
+                        }
+                    else
+                        fail(typeof value, "requires Long.js");
+                }
+
+                // Bool
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
+                    if (typeof value !== 'boolean')
+                        fail(typeof value, "not a boolean");
+                    return value;
+
+                // Float
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
+                    if (typeof value !== 'number')
+                        fail(typeof value, "not a number");
+                    return value;
+
+                // Length-delimited string
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
+                    if (typeof value !== 'string' && !(value && value instanceof String))
+                        fail(typeof value, "not a string");
+                    return ""+value; // Convert String object to string
+
+                // Length-delimited bytes
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
+                    if (ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(value))
+                        return value;
+                    return ByteBuffer.wrap(value, "base64");
+
+                // Constant enum value
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]: {
+                    var values = this.resolvedType.getChildren(ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.Value);
+                    for (i=0; i<values.length; i++)
+                        if (values[i].name == value)
+                            return values[i].id;
+                        else if (values[i].id == value)
+                            return values[i].id;
+
+                    if (this.syntax === 'proto3') {
+                        // proto3: just make sure it's an integer.
+                        if (typeof value !== 'number' || (value === value && value % 1 !== 0))
+                            fail(typeof value, "not an integer");
+                        if (value > 4294967295 || value < 0)
+                            fail(typeof value, "not in range for uint32")
+                        return value;
+                    } else {
+                        // proto2 requires enum values to be valid.
+                        fail(value, "not a valid enum value");
+                    }
+                }
+                // Embedded message
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]: {
+                    if (!value || typeof value !== 'object')
+                        fail(typeof value, "object expected");
+                    if (value instanceof this.resolvedType.clazz)
+                        return value;
+                    if (value instanceof ProtoBuf.Builder.Message) {
+                        // Mismatched type: Convert to object (see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/ProtoBuf.js/issues/180)
+                        var obj = {};
+                        for (var i in value)
+                            if (value.hasOwnProperty(i))
+                                obj[i] = value[i];
+                        value = obj;
+                    }
+                    // Else let's try to construct one from a key-value object
+                    return new (this.resolvedType.clazz)(value); // May throw for a hundred of reasons
+                }
+            }
+
+            // We should never end here
+            throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" (undefined type "+this.type+")");
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates the byte length of an element on the wire.
+         * @param {number} id Field number
+         * @param {*} value Field value
+         * @returns {number} Byte length
+         * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be calculated
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ElementPrototype.calculateLength = function(id, value) {
+            if (value === null) return 0; // Nothing to encode
+            // Tag has already been written
+            var n;
+            switch (this.type) {
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
+                    return value < 0 ? ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64(value) : ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value);
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value);
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode32(value));
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
+                    return 4;
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64(value);
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64(ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode64(value));
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
+                    return 8;
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
+                    return 1;
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]:
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value);
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
+                    return 8;
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
+                    n = ByteBuffer.calculateUTF8Bytes(value);
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(n) + n;
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
+                    if (value.remaining() < 0)
+                        throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value.remaining()+" bytes remaining");
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value.remaining()) + value.remaining();
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]:
+                    n = this.resolvedType.calculate(value);
+                    return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(n) + n;
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
+                    n = this.resolvedType.calculate(value);
+                    return n + ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP);
+            }
+            // We should never end here
+            throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal value to encode in "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" (unknown type)");
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes a value to the specified buffer. Does not encode the key.
+         * @param {number} id Field number
+         * @param {*} value Field value
+         * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to
+         * @return {ByteBuffer} The ByteBuffer for chaining
+         * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be encoded
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ElementPrototype.encodeValue = function(id, value, buffer) {
+            if (value === null) return buffer; // Nothing to encode
+            // Tag has already been written
+
+            switch (this.type) {
+                // 32bit signed varint
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
+                    // "If you use int32 or int64 as the type for a negative number, the resulting varint is always ten bytes
+                    // long – it is, effectively, treated like a very large unsigned integer." (see #122)
+                    if (value < 0)
+                        buffer.writeVarint64(value);
+                    else
+                        buffer.writeVarint32(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // 32bit unsigned varint
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
+                    buffer.writeVarint32(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // 32bit varint zig-zag
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
+                    buffer.writeVarint32ZigZag(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // Fixed unsigned 32bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
+                    buffer.writeUint32(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // Fixed signed 32bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
+                    buffer.writeInt32(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // 64bit varint as-is
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
+                    buffer.writeVarint64(value); // throws
+                    break;
+
+                // 64bit varint zig-zag
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
+                    buffer.writeVarint64ZigZag(value); // throws
+                    break;
+
+                // Fixed unsigned 64bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
+                    buffer.writeUint64(value); // throws
+                    break;
+
+                // Fixed signed 64bit
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
+                    buffer.writeInt64(value); // throws
+                    break;
+
+                // Bool
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
+                    if (typeof value === 'string')
+                        buffer.writeVarint32(value.toLowerCase() === 'false' ? 0 : !!value);
+                    else
+                        buffer.writeVarint32(value ? 1 : 0);
+                    break;
+
+                // Constant enum value
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]:
+                    buffer.writeVarint32(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // 32bit float
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
+                    buffer.writeFloat32(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // 64bit float
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
+                    buffer.writeFloat64(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // Length-delimited string
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
+                    buffer.writeVString(value);
+                    break;
+
+                // Length-delimited bytes
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
+                    if (value.remaining() < 0)
+                        throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value.remaining()+" bytes remaining");
+                    var prevOffset = value.offset;
+                    buffer.writeVarint32(value.remaining());
+                    buffer.append(value);
+                    value.offset = prevOffset;
+                    break;
+
+                // Embedded message
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]:
+                    var bb = new ByteBuffer().LE();
+                    this.resolvedType.encode(value, bb);
+                    buffer.writeVarint32(bb.offset);
+                    buffer.append(bb.flip());
+                    break;
+
+                // Legacy group
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
+                    this.resolvedType.encode(value, buffer);
+                    buffer.writeVarint32((id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP);
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    // We should never end here
+                    throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal value to encode in "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" (unknown type)");
+            }
+            return buffer;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decode one element value from the specified buffer.
+         * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to decode from
+         * @param {number} wireType The field wire type
+         * @param {number} id The field number
+         * @return {*} Decoded value
+         * @throws {Error} If the field cannot be decoded
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ElementPrototype.decode = function(buffer, wireType, id) {
+            if (wireType != this.type.wireType)
+                throw Error("Unexpected wire type for element");
+
+            var value, nBytes;
+            switch (this.type) {
+                // 32bit signed varint
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
+                    return buffer.readVarint32() | 0;
+
+                // 32bit unsigned varint
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
+                    return buffer.readVarint32() >>> 0;
+
+                // 32bit signed varint zig-zag
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
+                    return buffer.readVarint32ZigZag() | 0;
+
+                // Fixed 32bit unsigned
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
+                    return buffer.readUint32() >>> 0;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
+                    return buffer.readInt32() | 0;
+
+                // 64bit signed varint
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
+                    return buffer.readVarint64();
+
+                // 64bit unsigned varint
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
+                    return buffer.readVarint64().toUnsigned();
+
+                // 64bit signed varint zig-zag
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
+                    return buffer.readVarint64ZigZag();
+
+                // Fixed 64bit unsigned
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
+                    return buffer.readUint64();
+
+                // Fixed 64bit signed
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
+                    return buffer.readInt64();
+
+                // Bool varint
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
+                    return !!buffer.readVarint32();
+
+                // Constant enum value (varint)
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]:
+                    // The following Builder.Message#set will already throw
+                    return buffer.readVarint32();
+
+                // 32bit float
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
+                    return buffer.readFloat();
+
+                // 64bit float
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
+                    return buffer.readDouble();
+
+                // Length-delimited string
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
+                    return buffer.readVString();
+
+                // Length-delimited bytes
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]: {
+                    nBytes = buffer.readVarint32();
+                    if (buffer.remaining() < nBytes)
+                        throw Error("Illegal number of bytes for "+this.toString(true)+": "+nBytes+" required but got only "+buffer.remaining());
+                    value = buffer.clone(); // Offset already set
+                    value.limit = value.offset+nBytes;
+                    buffer.offset += nBytes;
+                    return value;
+                }
+
+                // Length-delimited embedded message
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]: {
+                    nBytes = buffer.readVarint32();
+                    return this.resolvedType.decode(buffer, nBytes);
+                }
+
+                // Legacy group
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
+                    return this.resolvedType.decode(buffer, -1, id);
+            }
+
+            // We should never end here
+            throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal decode type");
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Converts a value from a string to the canonical element type.
+         *
+         * Legal only when isMapKey is true.
+         *
+         * @param {string} str The string value
+         * @returns {*} The value
+         */
+        ElementPrototype.valueFromString = function(str) {
+            if (!this.isMapKey) {
+                throw Error("valueFromString() called on non-map-key element");
+            }
+
+            switch (this.type) {
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
+                    return this.verifyValue(parseInt(str));
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
+                      // Long-based fields support conversions from string already.
+                      return this.verifyValue(str);
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
+                      return str === "true";
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
+                      return this.verifyValue(str);
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
+                      return ByteBuffer.fromBinary(str);
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Converts a value from the canonical element type to a string.
+         *
+         * It should be the case that `valueFromString(valueToString(val))` returns
+         * a value equivalent to `verifyValue(val)` for every legal value of `val`
+         * according to this element type.
+         *
+         * This may be used when the element must be stored or used as a string,
+         * e.g., as a map key on an Object.
+         *
+         * Legal only when isMapKey is true.
+         *
+         * @param {*} val The value
+         * @returns {string} The string form of the value.
+         */
+        ElementPrototype.valueToString = function(value) {
+            if (!this.isMapKey) {
+                throw Error("valueToString() called on non-map-key element");
+            }
+
+            if (this.type === ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]) {
+                return value.toString("binary");
+            } else {
+                return value.toString();
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Element
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Element = Element;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Message.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} parent Parent message or namespace
+         * @param {string} name Message name
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Message options
+         * @param {boolean=} isGroup `true` if this is a legacy group
+         * @param {string?} syntax The syntax level of this definition (e.g., proto3)
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
+         */
+        var Message = function(builder, parent, name, options, isGroup, syntax) {
+            Namespace.call(this, builder, parent, name, options, syntax);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Message";
+
+            /**
+             * Extensions range.
+             * @type {!Array.<number>|undefined}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.extensions = undefined;
+
+            /**
+             * Runtime message class.
+             * @type {?function(new:ProtoBuf.Builder.Message)}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.clazz = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Whether this is a legacy group or not.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.isGroup = !!isGroup;
+
+            // The following cached collections are used to efficiently iterate over or look up fields when decoding.
+
+            /**
+             * Cached fields.
+             * @type {?Array.<!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
+             * @private
+             */
+            this._fields = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Cached fields by id.
+             * @type {?Object.<number,!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
+             * @private
+             */
+            this._fieldsById = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Cached fields by name.
+             * @type {?Object.<string,!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
+             * @private
+             */
+            this._fieldsByName = null;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var MessagePrototype = Message.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the message and returns the runtime counterpart, which is a fully functional class.
+         * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message
+         * @param {boolean=} rebuild Whether to rebuild or not, defaults to false
+         * @return {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} Message class
+         * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be built
+         * @expose
+         */
+        MessagePrototype.build = function(rebuild) {
+            if (this.clazz && !rebuild)
+                return this.clazz;
+
+            // Create the runtime Message class in its own scope
+            var clazz = (function(ProtoBuf, T) {
+
+                var fields = T.getChildren(ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field),
+                    oneofs = T.getChildren(ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf);
+
+                /**
+                 * Constructs a new runtime Message.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message
+                 * @class Barebone of all runtime messages.
+                 * @param {!Object.<string,*>|string} values Preset values
+                 * @param {...string} var_args
+                 * @constructor
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be created
+                 */
+                var Message = function(values, var_args) {
+                    ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.call(this);
+
+                    // Create virtual oneof properties
+                    for (var i=0, k=oneofs.length; i<k; ++i)
+                        this[oneofs[i].name] = null;
+                    // Create fields and set default values
+                    for (i=0, k=fields.length; i<k; ++i) {
+                        var field = fields[i];
+                        this[field.name] =
+                            field.repeated ? [] :
+                            (field.map ? new ProtoBuf.Map(field) : null);
+                        if ((field.required || T.syntax === 'proto3') &&
+                            field.defaultValue !== null)
+                            this[field.name] = field.defaultValue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (arguments.length > 0) {
+                        var value;
+                        // Set field values from a values object
+                        if (arguments.length === 1 && values !== null && typeof values === 'object' &&
+                            /* not _another_ Message */ (typeof values.encode !== 'function' || values instanceof Message) &&
+                            /* not a repeated field */ !Array.isArray(values) &&
+                            /* not a Map */ !(values instanceof ProtoBuf.Map) &&
+                            /* not a ByteBuffer */ !ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(values) &&
+                            /* not an ArrayBuffer */ !(values instanceof ArrayBuffer) &&
+                            /* not a Long */ !(ProtoBuf.Long && values instanceof ProtoBuf.Long)) {
+                            this.$set(values);
+                        } else // Set field values from arguments, in declaration order
+                            for (i=0, k=arguments.length; i<k; ++i)
+                                if (typeof (value = arguments[i]) !== 'undefined')
+                                    this.$set(fields[i].name, value); // May throw
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.prototype
+                 * @inner
+                 */
+                var MessagePrototype = Message.prototype = Object.create(ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.prototype);
+
+                /**
+                 * Adds a value to a repeated field.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#add
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string} key Field name
+                 * @param {*} value Value to add
+                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to assert the value or not (asserts by default)
+                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
+                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be added
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.add = function(key, value, noAssert) {
+                    var field = T._fieldsByName[key];
+                    if (!noAssert) {
+                        if (!field)
+                            throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is undefined");
+                        if (!(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
+                            throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: "+field.toString(true)); // May throw if it's an enum or embedded message
+                        if (!field.repeated)
+                            throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a repeated field");
+                        value = field.verifyValue(value, true);
+                    }
+                    if (this[key] === null)
+                        this[key] = [];
+                    this[key].push(value);
+                    return this;
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Adds a value to a repeated field. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#add}.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$add
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string} key Field name
+                 * @param {*} value Value to add
+                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to assert the value or not (asserts by default)
+                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
+                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be added
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.$add = MessagePrototype.add;
+
+                /**
+                 * Sets a field's value.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string|!Object.<string,*>} keyOrObj String key or plain object holding multiple values
+                 * @param {(*|boolean)=} value Value to set if key is a string, otherwise omitted
+                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert for an actual field / proper value type, defaults to `false`
+                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
+                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.set = function(keyOrObj, value, noAssert) {
+                    if (keyOrObj && typeof keyOrObj === 'object') {
+                        noAssert = value;
+                        for (var ikey in keyOrObj)
+                            if (keyOrObj.hasOwnProperty(ikey) && typeof (value = keyOrObj[ikey]) !== 'undefined')
+                                this.$set(ikey, value, noAssert);
+                        return this;
+                    }
+                    var field = T._fieldsByName[keyOrObj];
+                    if (!noAssert) {
+                        if (!field)
+                            throw Error(this+"#"+keyOrObj+" is not a field: undefined");
+                        if (!(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
+                            throw Error(this+"#"+keyOrObj+" is not a field: "+field.toString(true));
+                        this[field.name] = (value = field.verifyValue(value)); // May throw
+                    } else
+                        this[keyOrObj] = value;
+                    if (field && field.oneof) { // Field is part of an OneOf (not a virtual OneOf field)
+                        var currentField = this[field.oneof.name]; // Virtual field references currently set field
+                        if (value !== null) {
+                            if (currentField !== null && currentField !== field.name)
+                                this[currentField] = null; // Clear currently set field
+                            this[field.oneof.name] = field.name; // Point virtual field at this field
+                        } else if (/* value === null && */currentField === keyOrObj)
+                            this[field.oneof.name] = null; // Clear virtual field (current field explicitly cleared)
+                    }
+                    return this;
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Sets a field's value. This is an alias for [@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set}.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$set
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string|!Object.<string,*>} keyOrObj String key or plain object holding multiple values
+                 * @param {(*|boolean)=} value Value to set if key is a string, otherwise omitted
+                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert the value, defaults to `false`
+                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.$set = MessagePrototype.set;
+
+                /**
+                 * Gets a field's value.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#get
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string} key Key
+                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert for an actual field, defaults to `false`
+                 * @return {*} Value
+                 * @throws {Error} If there is no such field
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.get = function(key, noAssert) {
+                    if (noAssert)
+                        return this[key];
+                    var field = T._fieldsByName[key];
+                    if (!field || !(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
+                        throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: undefined");
+                    if (!(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
+                        throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: "+field.toString(true));
+                    return this[field.name];
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Gets a field's value. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$get}.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$get
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string} key Key
+                 * @return {*} Value
+                 * @throws {Error} If there is no such field
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.$get = MessagePrototype.get;
+
+                // Getters and setters
+
+                for (var i=0; i<fields.length; i++) {
+                    var field = fields[i];
+                    // no setters for extension fields as these are named by their fqn
+                    if (field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.ExtensionField)
+                        continue;
+
+                    if (T.builder.options['populateAccessors'])
+                        (function(field) {
+                            // set/get[SomeValue]
+                            var Name = field.originalName.replace(/(_[a-zA-Z])/g, function(match) {
+                                return match.toUpperCase().replace('_','');
+                            });
+                            Name = Name.substring(0,1).toUpperCase() + Name.substring(1);
+
+                            // set/get_[some_value] FIXME: Do we really need these?
+                            var name = field.originalName.replace(/([A-Z])/g, function(match) {
+                                return "_"+match;
+                            });
+
+                            /**
+                             * The current field's unbound setter function.
+                             * @function
+                             * @param {*} value
+                             * @param {boolean=} noAssert
+                             * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message}
+                             * @inner
+                             */
+                            var setter = function(value, noAssert) {
+                                this[field.name] = noAssert ? value : field.verifyValue(value);
+                                return this;
+                            };
+
+                            /**
+                             * The current field's unbound getter function.
+                             * @function
+                             * @returns {*}
+                             * @inner
+                             */
+                            var getter = function() {
+                                return this[field.name];
+                            };
+
+                            if (T.getChild("set"+Name) === null)
+                                /**
+                                 * Sets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
+                                 *  another field.
+                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set[SomeField]
+                                 * @function
+                                 * @param {*} value Value to set
+                                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert the value, defaults to `false`
+                                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
+                                 * @abstract
+                                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
+                                 */
+                                MessagePrototype["set"+Name] = setter;
+
+                            if (T.getChild("set_"+name) === null)
+                                /**
+                                 * Sets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
+                                 *  another field.
+                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set_[some_field]
+                                 * @function
+                                 * @param {*} value Value to set
+                                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert the value, defaults to `false`
+                                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
+                                 * @abstract
+                                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
+                                 */
+                                MessagePrototype["set_"+name] = setter;
+
+                            if (T.getChild("get"+Name) === null)
+                                /**
+                                 * Gets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
+                                 *  another field.
+                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#get[SomeField]
+                                 * @function
+                                 * @abstract
+                                 * @return {*} The value
+                                 */
+                                MessagePrototype["get"+Name] = getter;
+
+                            if (T.getChild("get_"+name) === null)
+                                /**
+                                 * Gets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
+                                 *  another field.
+                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#get_[some_field]
+                                 * @function
+                                 * @return {*} The value
+                                 * @abstract
+                                 */
+                                MessagePrototype["get_"+name] = getter;
+
+                        })(field);
+                }
+
+                // En-/decoding
+
+                /**
+                 * Encodes the message.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$encode
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {(!ByteBuffer|boolean)=} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to. Will create a new one and flip it if omitted.
+                 * @param {boolean=} noVerify Whether to not verify field values, defaults to `false`
+                 * @return {!ByteBuffer} Encoded message as a ByteBuffer
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the encoded ByteBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encode64
+                 * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeHex
+                 * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeAB
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.encode = function(buffer, noVerify) {
+                    if (typeof buffer === 'boolean')
+                        noVerify = buffer,
+                        buffer = undefined;
+                    var isNew = false;
+                    if (!buffer)
+                        buffer = new ByteBuffer(),
+                        isNew = true;
+                    var le = buffer.littleEndian;
+                    try {
+                        T.encode(this, buffer.LE(), noVerify);
+                        return (isNew ? buffer.flip() : buffer).LE(le);
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        buffer.LE(le);
+                        throw(e);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Encodes a message using the specified data payload.
+                 * @param {!Object.<string,*>} data Data payload
+                 * @param {(!ByteBuffer|boolean)=} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to. Will create a new one and flip it if omitted.
+                 * @param {boolean=} noVerify Whether to not verify field values, defaults to `false`
+                 * @return {!ByteBuffer} Encoded message as a ByteBuffer
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                Message.encode = function(data, buffer, noVerify) {
+                    return new Message(data).encode(buffer, noVerify);
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Calculates the byte length of the message.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#calculate
+                 * @function
+                 * @returns {number} Byte length
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be calculated or if required fields are missing.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.calculate = function() {
+                    return T.calculate(this);
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Encodes the varint32 length-delimited message.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeDelimited
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {(!ByteBuffer|boolean)=} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to. Will create a new one and flip it if omitted.
+                 * @param {boolean=} noVerify Whether to not verify field values, defaults to `false`
+                 * @return {!ByteBuffer} Encoded message as a ByteBuffer
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the encoded ByteBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.encodeDelimited = function(buffer, noVerify) {
+                    var isNew = false;
+                    if (!buffer)
+                        buffer = new ByteBuffer(),
+                        isNew = true;
+                    var enc = new ByteBuffer().LE();
+                    T.encode(this, enc, noVerify).flip();
+                    buffer.writeVarint32(enc.remaining());
+                    buffer.append(enc);
+                    return isNew ? buffer.flip() : buffer;
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Directly encodes the message to an ArrayBuffer.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeAB
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {ArrayBuffer} Encoded message as ArrayBuffer
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the encoded ArrayBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.encodeAB = function() {
+                    try {
+                        return this.encode().toArrayBuffer();
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toArrayBuffer();
+                        throw(e);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Returns the message as an ArrayBuffer. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeAB}.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toArrayBuffer
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {ArrayBuffer} Encoded message as ArrayBuffer
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the encoded ArrayBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.toArrayBuffer = MessagePrototype.encodeAB;
+
+                /**
+                 * Directly encodes the message to a node Buffer.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeNB
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {!Buffer}
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded, not running under node.js or if required fields are
+                 *  missing. The later still returns the encoded node Buffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.encodeNB = function() {
+                    try {
+                        return this.encode().toBuffer();
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toBuffer();
+                        throw(e);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Returns the message as a node Buffer. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeNB}.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toBuffer
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {!Buffer}
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the encoded node Buffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.toBuffer = MessagePrototype.encodeNB;
+
+                /**
+                 * Directly encodes the message to a base64 encoded string.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encode64
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {string} Base64 encoded string
+                 * @throws {Error} If the underlying buffer cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later
+                 *  still returns the encoded base64 string in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.encode64 = function() {
+                    try {
+                        return this.encode().toBase64();
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toBase64();
+                        throw(e);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Returns the message as a base64 encoded string. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encode64}.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toBase64
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {string} Base64 encoded string
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the encoded base64 string in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.toBase64 = MessagePrototype.encode64;
+
+                /**
+                 * Directly encodes the message to a hex encoded string.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeHex
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {string} Hex encoded string
+                 * @throws {Error} If the underlying buffer cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later
+                 *  still returns the encoded hex string in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.encodeHex = function() {
+                    try {
+                        return this.encode().toHex();
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toHex();
+                        throw(e);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Returns the message as a hex encoded string. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeHex}.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toHex
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {string} Hex encoded string
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the encoded hex string in the `encoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.toHex = MessagePrototype.encodeHex;
+
+                /**
+                 * Clones a message object or field value to a raw object.
+                 * @param {*} obj Object to clone
+                 * @param {boolean} binaryAsBase64 Whether to include binary data as base64 strings or as a buffer otherwise
+                 * @param {boolean} longsAsStrings Whether to encode longs as strings
+                 * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.T=} resolvedType The resolved field type if a field
+                 * @returns {*} Cloned object
+                 * @inner
+                 */
+                function cloneRaw(obj, binaryAsBase64, longsAsStrings, resolvedType) {
+                    if (obj === null || typeof obj !== 'object') {
+                        // Convert enum values to their respective names
+                        if (resolvedType && resolvedType instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum) {
+                            var name = ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.getName(resolvedType.object, obj);
+                            if (name !== null)
+                                return name;
+                        }
+                        // Pass-through string, number, boolean, null...
+                        return obj;
+                    }
+                    // Convert ByteBuffers to raw buffer or strings
+                    if (ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(obj))
+                        return binaryAsBase64 ? obj.toBase64() : obj.toBuffer();
+                    // Convert Longs to proper objects or strings
+                    if (ProtoBuf.Long.isLong(obj))
+                        return longsAsStrings ? obj.toString() : ProtoBuf.Long.fromValue(obj);
+                    var clone;
+                    // Clone arrays
+                    if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+                        clone = [];
+                        obj.forEach(function(v, k) {
+                            clone[k] = cloneRaw(v, binaryAsBase64, longsAsStrings, resolvedType);
+                        });
+                        return clone;
+                    }
+                    clone = {};
+                    // Convert maps to objects
+                    if (obj instanceof ProtoBuf.Map) {
+                        var it = obj.entries();
+                        for (var e = it.next(); !e.done; e = it.next())
+                            clone[obj.keyElem.valueToString(e.value[0])] = cloneRaw(e.value[1], binaryAsBase64, longsAsStrings, obj.valueElem.resolvedType);
+                        return clone;
+                    }
+                    // Everything else is a non-null object
+                    var type = obj.$type,
+                        field = undefined;
+                    for (var i in obj)
+                        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
+                            if (type && (field = type.getChild(i)))
+                                clone[i] = cloneRaw(obj[i], binaryAsBase64, longsAsStrings, field.resolvedType);
+                            else
+                                clone[i] = cloneRaw(obj[i], binaryAsBase64, longsAsStrings);
+                        }
+                    return clone;
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * Returns the message's raw payload.
+                 * @param {boolean=} binaryAsBase64 Whether to include binary data as base64 strings instead of Buffers, defaults to `false`
+                 * @param {boolean} longsAsStrings Whether to encode longs as strings
+                 * @returns {Object.<string,*>} Raw payload
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.toRaw = function(binaryAsBase64, longsAsStrings) {
+                    return cloneRaw(this, !!binaryAsBase64, !!longsAsStrings, this.$type);
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Encodes a message to JSON.
+                 * @returns {string} JSON string
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.encodeJSON = function() {
+                    return JSON.stringify(
+                        cloneRaw(this,
+                             /* binary-as-base64 */ true,
+                             /* longs-as-strings */ true,
+                             this.$type
+                        )
+                    );
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Decodes a message from the specified buffer or string.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decode
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {!ByteBuffer|!ArrayBuffer|!Buffer|string} buffer Buffer to decode from
+                 * @param {(number|string)=} length Message length. Defaults to decode all the remainig data.
+                 * @param {string=} enc Encoding if buffer is a string: hex, utf8 (not recommended), defaults to base64
+                 * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decode64
+                 * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decodeHex
+                 */
+                Message.decode = function(buffer, length, enc) {
+                    if (typeof length === 'string')
+                        enc = length,
+                        length = -1;
+                    if (typeof buffer === 'string')
+                        buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, enc ? enc : "base64");
+                    buffer = ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(buffer) ? buffer : ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer); // May throw
+                    var le = buffer.littleEndian;
+                    try {
+                        var msg = T.decode(buffer.LE());
+                        buffer.LE(le);
+                        return msg;
+                    } catch (e) {
+                        buffer.LE(le);
+                        throw(e);
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Decodes a varint32 length-delimited message from the specified buffer or string.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decodeDelimited
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {!ByteBuffer|!ArrayBuffer|!Buffer|string} buffer Buffer to decode from
+                 * @param {string=} enc Encoding if buffer is a string: hex, utf8 (not recommended), defaults to base64
+                 * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message or `null` if not enough bytes are available yet
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                Message.decodeDelimited = function(buffer, enc) {
+                    if (typeof buffer === 'string')
+                        buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, enc ? enc : "base64");
+                    buffer = ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(buffer) ? buffer : ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer); // May throw
+                    if (buffer.remaining() < 1)
+                        return null;
+                    var off = buffer.offset,
+                        len = buffer.readVarint32();
+                    if (buffer.remaining() < len) {
+                        buffer.offset = off;
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        var msg = T.decode(buffer.slice(buffer.offset, buffer.offset + len).LE());
+                        buffer.offset += len;
+                        return msg;
+                    } catch (err) {
+                        buffer.offset += len;
+                        throw err;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Decodes the message from the specified base64 encoded string.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decode64
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string} str String to decode from
+                 * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                Message.decode64 = function(str) {
+                    return Message.decode(str, "base64");
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Decodes the message from the specified hex encoded string.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decodeHex
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string} str String to decode from
+                 * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
+                 *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                Message.decodeHex = function(str) {
+                    return Message.decode(str, "hex");
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * Decodes the message from a JSON string.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decodeJSON
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {string} str String to decode from
+                 * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
+                 * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are
+                 * missing.
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                Message.decodeJSON = function(str) {
+                    return new Message(JSON.parse(str));
+                };
+
+                // Utility
+
+                /**
+                 * Returns a string representation of this Message.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toString
+                 * @function
+                 * @return {string} String representation as of ".Fully.Qualified.MessageName"
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                MessagePrototype.toString = function() {
+                    return T.toString();
+                };
+
+                // Properties
+
+                /**
+                 * Message options.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.$options
+                 * @type {Object.<string,*>}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $optionsS; // cc needs this
+
+                /**
+                 * Message options.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$options
+                 * @type {Object.<string,*>}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $options;
+
+                /**
+                 * Reflection type.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.$type
+                 * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $typeS;
+
+                /**
+                 * Reflection type.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$type
+                 * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $type;
+
+                if (Object.defineProperty)
+                    Object.defineProperty(Message, '$options', { "value": T.buildOpt() }),
+                    Object.defineProperty(MessagePrototype, "$options", { "value": Message["$options"] }),
+                    Object.defineProperty(Message, "$type", { "value": T }),
+                    Object.defineProperty(MessagePrototype, "$type", { "value": T });
+
+                return Message;
+
+            })(ProtoBuf, this);
+
+            // Static enums and prototyped sub-messages / cached collections
+            this._fields = [];
+            this._fieldsById = {};
+            this._fieldsByName = {};
+            for (var i=0, k=this.children.length, child; i<k; i++) {
+                child = this.children[i];
+                if (child instanceof Enum || child instanceof Message || child instanceof Service) {
+                    if (clazz.hasOwnProperty(child.name))
+                        throw Error("Illegal reflect child of "+this.toString(true)+": "+child.toString(true)+" cannot override static property '"+child.name+"'");
+                    clazz[child.name] = child.build();
+                } else if (child instanceof Message.Field)
+                    child.build(),
+                    this._fields.push(child),
+                    this._fieldsById[child.id] = child,
+                    this._fieldsByName[child.name] = child;
+                else if (!(child instanceof Message.OneOf) && !(child instanceof Extension)) // Not built
+                    throw Error("Illegal reflect child of "+this.toString(true)+": "+this.children[i].toString(true));
+            }
+
+            return this.clazz = clazz;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes a runtime message's contents to the specified buffer.
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} message Runtime message to encode
+         * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to write to
+         * @param {boolean=} noVerify Whether to not verify field values, defaults to `false`
+         * @return {ByteBuffer} The ByteBuffer for chaining
+         * @throws {Error} If required fields are missing or the message cannot be encoded for another reason
+         * @expose
+         */
+        MessagePrototype.encode = function(message, buffer, noVerify) {
+            var fieldMissing = null,
+                field;
+            for (var i=0, k=this._fields.length, val; i<k; ++i) {
+                field = this._fields[i];
+                val = message[field.name];
+                if (field.required && val === null) {
+                    if (fieldMissing === null)
+                        fieldMissing = field;
+                } else
+                    field.encode(noVerify ? val : field.verifyValue(val), buffer, message);
+            }
+            if (fieldMissing !== null) {
+                var err = Error("Missing at least one required field for "+this.toString(true)+": "+fieldMissing);
+                err["encoded"] = buffer; // Still expose what we got
+                throw(err);
+            }
+            return buffer;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates a runtime message's byte length.
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} message Runtime message to encode
+         * @returns {number} Byte length
+         * @throws {Error} If required fields are missing or the message cannot be calculated for another reason
+         * @expose
+         */
+        MessagePrototype.calculate = function(message) {
+            for (var n=0, i=0, k=this._fields.length, field, val; i<k; ++i) {
+                field = this._fields[i];
+                val = message[field.name];
+                if (field.required && val === null)
+                   throw Error("Missing at least one required field for "+this.toString(true)+": "+field);
+                else
+                    n += field.calculate(val, message);
+            }
+            return n;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Skips all data until the end of the specified group has been reached.
+         * @param {number} expectedId Expected GROUPEND id
+         * @param {!ByteBuffer} buf ByteBuffer
+         * @returns {boolean} `true` if a value as been skipped, `false` if the end has been reached
+         * @throws {Error} If it wasn't possible to find the end of the group (buffer overrun or end tag mismatch)
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function skipTillGroupEnd(expectedId, buf) {
+            var tag = buf.readVarint32(), // Throws on OOB
+                wireType = tag & 0x07,
+                id = tag >>> 3;
+            switch (wireType) {
+                case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT:
+                    do tag = buf.readUint8();
+                    while ((tag & 0x80) === 0x80);
+                    break;
+                case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64:
+                    buf.offset += 8;
+                    break;
+                case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM:
+                    tag = buf.readVarint32(); // reads the varint
+                    buf.offset += tag;        // skips n bytes
+                    break;
+                case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP:
+                    skipTillGroupEnd(id, buf);
+                    break;
+                case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP:
+                    if (id === expectedId)
+                        return false;
+                    else
+                        throw Error("Illegal GROUPEND after unknown group: "+id+" ("+expectedId+" expected)");
+                case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32:
+                    buf.offset += 4;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw Error("Illegal wire type in unknown group "+expectedId+": "+wireType);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Decodes an encoded message and returns the decoded message.
+         * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to decode from
+         * @param {number=} length Message length. Defaults to decode all remaining data.
+         * @param {number=} expectedGroupEndId Expected GROUPEND id if this is a legacy group
+         * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
+         * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded
+         * @expose
+         */
+        MessagePrototype.decode = function(buffer, length, expectedGroupEndId) {
+            length = typeof length === 'number' ? length : -1;
+            var start = buffer.offset,
+                msg = new (this.clazz)(),
+                tag, wireType, id, field;
+            while (buffer.offset < start+length || (length === -1 && buffer.remaining() > 0)) {
+                tag = buffer.readVarint32();
+                wireType = tag & 0x07;
+                id = tag >>> 3;
+                if (wireType === ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP) {
+                    if (id !== expectedGroupEndId)
+                        throw Error("Illegal group end indicator for "+this.toString(true)+": "+id+" ("+(expectedGroupEndId ? expectedGroupEndId+" expected" : "not a group")+")");
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!(field = this._fieldsById[id])) {
+                    // "messages created by your new code can be parsed by your old code: old binaries simply ignore the new field when parsing."
+                    switch (wireType) {
+                        case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT:
+                            buffer.readVarint32();
+                            break;
+                        case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32:
+                            buffer.offset += 4;
+                            break;
+                        case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64:
+                            buffer.offset += 8;
+                            break;
+                        case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM:
+                            var len = buffer.readVarint32();
+                            buffer.offset += len;
+                            break;
+                        case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP:
+                            while (skipTillGroupEnd(id, buffer)) {}
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            throw Error("Illegal wire type for unknown field "+id+" in "+this.toString(true)+"#decode: "+wireType);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (field.repeated && !field.options["packed"]) {
+                    msg[field.name].push(field.decode(wireType, buffer));
+                } else if (field.map) {
+                    var keyval = field.decode(wireType, buffer);
+                    msg[field.name].set(keyval[0], keyval[1]);
+                } else {
+                    msg[field.name] = field.decode(wireType, buffer);
+                    if (field.oneof) { // Field is part of an OneOf (not a virtual OneOf field)
+                        var currentField = msg[field.oneof.name]; // Virtual field references currently set field
+                        if (currentField !== null && currentField !== field.name)
+                            msg[currentField] = null; // Clear currently set field
+                        msg[field.oneof.name] = field.name; // Point virtual field at this field
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Check if all required fields are present and set default values for optional fields that are not
+            for (var i=0, k=this._fields.length; i<k; ++i) {
+                field = this._fields[i];
+                if (msg[field.name] === null) {
+                    if (this.syntax === "proto3") { // Proto3 sets default values by specification
+                        msg[field.name] = field.defaultValue;
+                    } else if (field.required) {
+                        var err = Error("Missing at least one required field for " + this.toString(true) + ": " + field.name);
+                        err["decoded"] = msg; // Still expose what we got
+                        throw(err);
+                    } else if (ProtoBuf.populateDefaults && field.defaultValue !== null)
+                        msg[field.name] = field.defaultValue;
+                }
+            }
+            return msg;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Message = Message;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Message Field.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} message Message reference
+         * @param {string} rule Rule, one of requried, optional, repeated
+         * @param {string?} keytype Key data type, if any.
+         * @param {string} type Data type, e.g. int32
+         * @param {string} name Field name
+         * @param {number} id Unique field id
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf=} oneof Enclosing OneOf
+         * @param {string?} syntax The syntax level of this definition (e.g., proto3)
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
+         */
+        var Field = function(builder, message, rule, keytype, type, name, id, options, oneof, syntax) {
+            T.call(this, builder, message, name);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Message.Field";
+
+            /**
+             * Message field required flag.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.required = rule === "required";
+
+            /**
+             * Message field repeated flag.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.repeated = rule === "repeated";
+
+            /**
+             * Message field map flag.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.map = rule === "map";
+
+            /**
+             * Message field key type. Type reference string if unresolved, protobuf
+             * type if resolved. Valid only if this.map === true, null otherwise.
+             * @type {string|{name: string, wireType: number}|null}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.keyType = keytype || null;
+
+            /**
+             * Message field type. Type reference string if unresolved, protobuf type if
+             * resolved. In a map field, this is the value type.
+             * @type {string|{name: string, wireType: number}}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.type = type;
+
+            /**
+             * Resolved type reference inside the global namespace.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T|null}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.resolvedType = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Unique message field id.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.id = id;
+
+            /**
+             * Message field options.
+             * @type {!Object.<string,*>}
+             * @dict
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.options = options || {};
+
+            /**
+             * Default value.
+             * @type {*}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.defaultValue = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Enclosing OneOf.
+             * @type {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.oneof = oneof || null;
+
+            /**
+             * Syntax level of this definition (e.g., proto3).
+             * @type {string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.syntax = syntax || 'proto2';
+
+            /**
+             * Original field name.
+             * @type {string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.originalName = this.name; // Used to revert camelcase transformation on naming collisions
+
+            /**
+             * Element implementation. Created in build() after types are resolved.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Element}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.element = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Key element implementation, for map fields. Created in build() after
+             * types are resolved.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Element}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.keyElement = null;
+
+            // Convert field names to camel case notation if the override is set
+            if (this.builder.options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'] && !(this instanceof Message.ExtensionField))
+                this.name = ProtoBuf.Util.toCamelCase(this.name);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var FieldPrototype = Field.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the field.
+         * @override
+         * @expose
+         */
+        FieldPrototype.build = function() {
+            this.element = new Element(this.type, this.resolvedType, false, this.syntax);
+            if (this.map)
+                this.keyElement = new Element(this.keyType, undefined, true, this.syntax);
+
+            // In proto3, fields do not have field presence, and every field is set to
+            // its type's default value ("", 0, 0.0, or false).
+            if (this.syntax === 'proto3' && !this.repeated && !this.map)
+                this.defaultValue = Element.defaultFieldValue(this.type);
+
+            // Otherwise, default values are present when explicitly specified
+            else if (typeof this.options['default'] !== 'undefined')
+                this.defaultValue = this.verifyValue(this.options['default']);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Checks if the given value can be set for this field.
+         * @param {*} value Value to check
+         * @param {boolean=} skipRepeated Whether to skip the repeated value check or not. Defaults to false.
+         * @return {*} Verified, maybe adjusted, value
+         * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set for this field
+         * @expose
+         */
+        FieldPrototype.verifyValue = function(value, skipRepeated) {
+            skipRepeated = skipRepeated || false;
+            var self = this;
+            function fail(val, msg) {
+                throw Error("Illegal value for "+self.toString(true)+" of type "+self.type.name+": "+val+" ("+msg+")");
+            }
+            if (value === null) { // NULL values for optional fields
+                if (this.required)
+                    fail(typeof value, "required");
+                if (this.syntax === 'proto3' && this.type !== ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"])
+                    fail(typeof value, "proto3 field without field presence cannot be null");
+                return null;
+            }
+            var i;
+            if (this.repeated && !skipRepeated) { // Repeated values as arrays
+                if (!Array.isArray(value))
+                    value = [value];
+                var res = [];
+                for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
+                    res.push(this.element.verifyValue(value[i]));
+                return res;
+            }
+            if (this.map && !skipRepeated) { // Map values as objects
+                if (!(value instanceof ProtoBuf.Map)) {
+                    // If not already a Map, attempt to convert.
+                    if (!(value instanceof Object)) {
+                        fail(typeof value,
+                             "expected ProtoBuf.Map or raw object for map field");
+                    }
+                    return new ProtoBuf.Map(this, value);
+                } else {
+                    return value;
+                }
+            }
+            // All non-repeated fields expect no array
+            if (!this.repeated && Array.isArray(value))
+                fail(typeof value, "no array expected");
+
+            return this.element.verifyValue(value);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Determines whether the field will have a presence on the wire given its
+         * value.
+         * @param {*} value Verified field value
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} message Runtime message
+         * @return {boolean} Whether the field will be present on the wire
+         */
+        FieldPrototype.hasWirePresence = function(value, message) {
+            if (this.syntax !== 'proto3')
+                return (value !== null);
+            if (this.oneof && message[this.oneof.name] === this.name)
+                return true;
+            switch (this.type) {
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
+                    return value !== 0;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
+                    return value.low !== 0 || value.high !== 0;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
+                    return value;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
+                    return value !== 0.0;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
+                    return value.length > 0;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
+                    return value.remaining() > 0;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]:
+                    return value !== 0;
+
+                case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]:
+                    return value !== null;
+                default:
+                    return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes the specified field value to the specified buffer.
+         * @param {*} value Verified field value
+         * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} message Runtime message
+         * @return {ByteBuffer} The ByteBuffer for chaining
+         * @throws {Error} If the field cannot be encoded
+         * @expose
+         */
+        FieldPrototype.encode = function(value, buffer, message) {
+            if (this.type === null || typeof this.type !== 'object')
+                throw Error("[INTERNAL] Unresolved type in "+this.toString(true)+": "+this.type);
+            if (value === null || (this.repeated && value.length == 0))
+                return buffer; // Optional omitted
+            try {
+                if (this.repeated) {
+                    var i;
+                    // "Only repeated fields of primitive numeric types (types which use the varint, 32-bit, or 64-bit wire
+                    // types) can be declared 'packed'."
+                    if (this.options["packed"] && ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES.indexOf(this.type.wireType) >= 0) {
+                        // "All of the elements of the field are packed into a single key-value pair with wire type 2
+                        // (length-delimited). Each element is encoded the same way it would be normally, except without a
+                        // tag preceding it."
+                        buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM);
+                        buffer.ensureCapacity(buffer.offset += 1); // We do not know the length yet, so let's assume a varint of length 1
+                        var start = buffer.offset; // Remember where the contents begin
+                        for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
+                            this.element.encodeValue(this.id, value[i], buffer);
+                        var len = buffer.offset-start,
+                            varintLen = ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(len);
+                        if (varintLen > 1) { // We need to move the contents
+                            var contents = buffer.slice(start, buffer.offset);
+                            start += varintLen-1;
+                            buffer.offset = start;
+                            buffer.append(contents);
+                        }
+                        buffer.writeVarint32(len, start-varintLen);
+                    } else {
+                        // "If your message definition has repeated elements (without the [packed=true] option), the encoded
+                        // message has zero or more key-value pairs with the same tag number"
+                        for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
+                            buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType),
+                            this.element.encodeValue(this.id, value[i], buffer);
+                    }
+                } else if (this.map) {
+                    // Write out each map entry as a submessage.
+                    value.forEach(function(val, key, m) {
+                        // Compute the length of the submessage (key, val) pair.
+                        var length =
+                            ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((1 << 3) | this.keyType.wireType) +
+                            this.keyElement.calculateLength(1, key) +
+                            ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((2 << 3) | this.type.wireType) +
+                            this.element.calculateLength(2, val);
+
+                        // Submessage with wire type of length-delimited.
+                        buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM);
+                        buffer.writeVarint32(length);
+
+                        // Write out the key and val.
+                        buffer.writeVarint32((1 << 3) | this.keyType.wireType);
+                        this.keyElement.encodeValue(1, key, buffer);
+                        buffer.writeVarint32((2 << 3) | this.type.wireType);
+                        this.element.encodeValue(2, val, buffer);
+                    }, this);
+                } else {
+                    if (this.hasWirePresence(value, message)) {
+                        buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType);
+                        this.element.encodeValue(this.id, value, buffer);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" ("+e+")");
+            }
+            return buffer;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Calculates the length of this field's value on the network level.
+         * @param {*} value Field value
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} message Runtime message
+         * @returns {number} Byte length
+         * @expose
+         */
+        FieldPrototype.calculate = function(value, message) {
+            value = this.verifyValue(value); // May throw
+            if (this.type === null || typeof this.type !== 'object')
+                throw Error("[INTERNAL] Unresolved type in "+this.toString(true)+": "+this.type);
+            if (value === null || (this.repeated && value.length == 0))
+                return 0; // Optional omitted
+            var n = 0;
+            try {
+                if (this.repeated) {
+                    var i, ni;
+                    if (this.options["packed"] && ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES.indexOf(this.type.wireType) >= 0) {
+                        n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM);
+                        ni = 0;
+                        for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
+                            ni += this.element.calculateLength(this.id, value[i]);
+                        n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(ni);
+                        n += ni;
+                    } else {
+                        for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
+                            n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType),
+                            n += this.element.calculateLength(this.id, value[i]);
+                    }
+                } else if (this.map) {
+                    // Each map entry becomes a submessage.
+                    value.forEach(function(val, key, m) {
+                        // Compute the length of the submessage (key, val) pair.
+                        var length =
+                            ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((1 << 3) | this.keyType.wireType) +
+                            this.keyElement.calculateLength(1, key) +
+                            ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((2 << 3) | this.type.wireType) +
+                            this.element.calculateLength(2, val);
+
+                        n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM);
+                        n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(length);
+                        n += length;
+                    }, this);
+                } else {
+                    if (this.hasWirePresence(value, message)) {
+                        n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType);
+                        n += this.element.calculateLength(this.id, value);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (e) {
+                throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" ("+e+")");
+            }
+            return n;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Decode the field value from the specified buffer.
+         * @param {number} wireType Leading wire type
+         * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to decode from
+         * @param {boolean=} skipRepeated Whether to skip the repeated check or not. Defaults to false.
+         * @return {*} Decoded value: array for packed repeated fields, [key, value] for
+         *             map fields, or an individual value otherwise.
+         * @throws {Error} If the field cannot be decoded
+         * @expose
+         */
+        FieldPrototype.decode = function(wireType, buffer, skipRepeated) {
+            var value, nBytes;
+
+            // We expect wireType to match the underlying type's wireType unless we see
+            // a packed repeated field, or unless this is a map field.
+            var wireTypeOK =
+                (!this.map && wireType == this.type.wireType) ||
+                (!skipRepeated && this.repeated && this.options["packed"] &&
+                 wireType == ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM) ||
+                (this.map && wireType == ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM);
+            if (!wireTypeOK)
+                throw Error("Illegal wire type for field "+this.toString(true)+": "+wireType+" ("+this.type.wireType+" expected)");
+
+            // Handle packed repeated fields.
+            if (wireType == ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM && this.repeated && this.options["packed"] && ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES.indexOf(this.type.wireType) >= 0) {
+                if (!skipRepeated) {
+                    nBytes = buffer.readVarint32();
+                    nBytes = buffer.offset + nBytes; // Limit
+                    var values = [];
+                    while (buffer.offset < nBytes)
+                        values.push(this.decode(this.type.wireType, buffer, true));
+                    return values;
+                }
+                // Read the next value otherwise...
+            }
+
+            // Handle maps.
+            if (this.map) {
+                // Read one (key, value) submessage, and return [key, value]
+                var key = Element.defaultFieldValue(this.keyType);
+                value = Element.defaultFieldValue(this.type);
+
+                // Read the length
+                nBytes = buffer.readVarint32();
+                if (buffer.remaining() < nBytes)
+                    throw Error("Illegal number of bytes for "+this.toString(true)+": "+nBytes+" required but got only "+buffer.remaining());
+
+                // Get a sub-buffer of this key/value submessage
+                var msgbuf = buffer.clone();
+                msgbuf.limit = msgbuf.offset + nBytes;
+                buffer.offset += nBytes;
+
+                while (msgbuf.remaining() > 0) {
+                    var tag = msgbuf.readVarint32();
+                    wireType = tag & 0x07;
+                    var id = tag >>> 3;
+                    if (id === 1) {
+                        key = this.keyElement.decode(msgbuf, wireType, id);
+                    } else if (id === 2) {
+                        value = this.element.decode(msgbuf, wireType, id);
+                    } else {
+                        throw Error("Unexpected tag in map field key/value submessage");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return [key, value];
+            }
+
+            // Handle singular and non-packed repeated field values.
+            return this.element.decode(buffer, wireType, this.id);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Message.Field = Field;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Message ExtensionField.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.ExtensionField
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} message Message reference
+         * @param {string} rule Rule, one of requried, optional, repeated
+         * @param {string} type Data type, e.g. int32
+         * @param {string} name Field name
+         * @param {number} id Unique field id
+         * @param {!Object.<string,*>=} options Options
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field
+         */
+        var ExtensionField = function(builder, message, rule, type, name, id, options) {
+            Field.call(this, builder, message, rule, /* keytype = */ null, type, name, id, options);
+
+            /**
+             * Extension reference.
+             * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.extension;
+        };
+
+        // Extends Field
+        ExtensionField.prototype = Object.create(Field.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.ExtensionField
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Message.ExtensionField = ExtensionField;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Message OneOf.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} message Message reference
+         * @param {string} name OneOf name
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
+         */
+        var OneOf = function(builder, message, name) {
+            T.call(this, builder, message, name);
+
+            /**
+             * Enclosed fields.
+             * @type {!Array.<!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.fields = [];
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Message.OneOf = OneOf;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Enum.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} parent Parent Reflect object
+         * @param {string} name Enum name
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Enum options
+         * @param {string?} syntax The syntax level (e.g., proto3)
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
+         */
+        var Enum = function(builder, parent, name, options, syntax) {
+            Namespace.call(this, builder, parent, name, options, syntax);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Enum";
+
+            /**
+             * Runtime enum object.
+             * @type {Object.<string,number>|null}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.object = null;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the string name of an enum value.
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Enum} enm Runtime enum
+         * @param {number} value Enum value
+         * @returns {?string} Name or `null` if not present
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Enum.getName = function(enm, value) {
+            var keys = Object.keys(enm);
+            for (var i=0, key; i<keys.length; ++i)
+                if (enm[key = keys[i]] === value)
+                    return key;
+            return null;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var EnumPrototype = Enum.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * Builds this enum and returns the runtime counterpart.
+         * @param {boolean} rebuild Whether to rebuild or not, defaults to false
+         * @returns {!Object.<string,number>}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        EnumPrototype.build = function(rebuild) {
+            if (this.object && !rebuild)
+                return this.object;
+            var enm = new ProtoBuf.Builder.Enum(),
+                values = this.getChildren(Enum.Value);
+            for (var i=0, k=values.length; i<k; ++i)
+                enm[values[i]['name']] = values[i]['id'];
+            if (Object.defineProperty)
+                Object.defineProperty(enm, '$options', {
+                    "value": this.buildOpt(),
+                    "enumerable": false
+                });
+            return this.object = enm;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Enum = Enum;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Enum Value.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.Value
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum} enm Enum reference
+         * @param {string} name Field name
+         * @param {number} id Unique field id
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
+         */
+        var Value = function(builder, enm, name, id) {
+            T.call(this, builder, enm, name);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Enum.Value";
+
+            /**
+             * Unique enum value id.
+             * @type {number}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.id = id;
+        };
+
+        // Extends T
+        Value.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.Value
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Enum.Value = Value;
+
+        /**
+         * An extension (field).
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension
+         * @constructor
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} parent Parent object
+         * @param {string} name Object name
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field} field Extension field
+         */
+        var Extension = function(builder, parent, name, field) {
+            T.call(this, builder, parent, name);
+
+            /**
+             * Extended message field.
+             * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.field = field;
+        };
+
+        // Extends T
+        Extension.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Extension = Extension;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Service.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} root Root
+         * @param {string} name Service name
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
+         */
+        var Service = function(builder, root, name, options) {
+            Namespace.call(this, builder, root, name, options);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Service";
+
+            /**
+             * Built runtime service class.
+             * @type {?function(new:ProtoBuf.Builder.Service)}
+             */
+            this.clazz = null;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var ServicePrototype = Service.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the service and returns the runtime counterpart, which is a fully functional class.
+         * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Service
+         * @param {boolean=} rebuild Whether to rebuild or not
+         * @return {Function} Service class
+         * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be built
+         * @expose
+         */
+        ServicePrototype.build = function(rebuild) {
+            if (this.clazz && !rebuild)
+                return this.clazz;
+
+            // Create the runtime Service class in its own scope
+            return this.clazz = (function(ProtoBuf, T) {
+
+                /**
+                 * Constructs a new runtime Service.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service
+                 * @param {function(string, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message, function(Error, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message=))=} rpcImpl RPC implementation receiving the method name and the message
+                 * @class Barebone of all runtime services.
+                 * @constructor
+                 * @throws {Error} If the service cannot be created
+                 */
+                var Service = function(rpcImpl) {
+                    ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.call(this);
+
+                    /**
+                     * Service implementation.
+                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service#rpcImpl
+                     * @type {!function(string, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message, function(Error, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message=))}
+                     * @expose
+                     */
+                    this.rpcImpl = rpcImpl || function(name, msg, callback) {
+                        // This is what a user has to implement: A function receiving the method name, the actual message to
+                        // send (type checked) and the callback that's either provided with the error as its first
+                        // argument or null and the actual response message.
+                        setTimeout(callback.bind(this, Error("Not implemented, see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/ProtoBuf.js/wiki/Services")), 0); // Must be async!
+                    };
+                };
+
+                /**
+                 * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.prototype
+                 * @inner
+                 */
+                var ServicePrototype = Service.prototype = Object.create(ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.prototype);
+
+                /**
+                 * Asynchronously performs an RPC call using the given RPC implementation.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.[Method]
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {!function(string, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message, function(Error, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message=))} rpcImpl RPC implementation
+                 * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} req Request
+                 * @param {function(Error, (ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|ByteBuffer|Buffer|string)=)} callback Callback receiving
+                 *  the error if any and the response either as a pre-parsed message or as its raw bytes
+                 * @abstract
+                 */
+
+                /**
+                 * Asynchronously performs an RPC call using the instance's RPC implementation.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service#[Method]
+                 * @function
+                 * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} req Request
+                 * @param {function(Error, (ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|ByteBuffer|Buffer|string)=)} callback Callback receiving
+                 *  the error if any and the response either as a pre-parsed message or as its raw bytes
+                 * @abstract
+                 */
+
+                var rpc = T.getChildren(ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod);
+                for (var i=0; i<rpc.length; i++) {
+                    (function(method) {
+
+                        // service#Method(message, callback)
+                        ServicePrototype[method.name] = function(req, callback) {
+                            try {
+                                try {
+                                    // If given as a buffer, decode the request. Will throw a TypeError if not a valid buffer.
+                                    req = method.resolvedRequestType.clazz.decode(ByteBuffer.wrap(req));
+                                } catch (err) {
+                                    if (!(err instanceof TypeError))
+                                        throw err;
+                                }
+                                if (req === null || typeof req !== 'object')
+                                    throw Error("Illegal arguments");
+                                if (!(req instanceof method.resolvedRequestType.clazz))
+                                    req = new method.resolvedRequestType.clazz(req);
+                                this.rpcImpl(method.fqn(), req, function(err, res) { // Assumes that this is properly async
+                                    if (err) {
+                                        callback(err);
+                                        return;
+                                    }
+                                    // Coalesce to empty string when service response has empty content
+                                    if (res === null)
+                                        res = ''
+                                    try { res = method.resolvedResponseType.clazz.decode(res); } catch (notABuffer) {}
+                                    if (!res || !(res instanceof method.resolvedResponseType.clazz)) {
+                                        callback(Error("Illegal response type received in service method "+ T.name+"#"+method.name));
+                                        return;
+                                    }
+                                    callback(null, res);
+                                });
+                            } catch (err) {
+                                setTimeout(callback.bind(this, err), 0);
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // Service.Method(rpcImpl, message, callback)
+                        Service[method.name] = function(rpcImpl, req, callback) {
+                            new Service(rpcImpl)[method.name](req, callback);
+                        };
+
+                        if (Object.defineProperty)
+                            Object.defineProperty(Service[method.name], "$options", { "value": method.buildOpt() }),
+                            Object.defineProperty(ServicePrototype[method.name], "$options", { "value": Service[method.name]["$options"] });
+                    })(rpc[i]);
+                }
+
+                // Properties
+
+                /**
+                 * Service options.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.$options
+                 * @type {Object.<string,*>}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $optionsS; // cc needs this
+
+                /**
+                 * Service options.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service#$options
+                 * @type {Object.<string,*>}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $options;
+
+                /**
+                 * Reflection type.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.$type
+                 * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $typeS;
+
+                /**
+                 * Reflection type.
+                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service#$type
+                 * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service}
+                 * @expose
+                 */
+                var $type;
+
+                if (Object.defineProperty)
+                    Object.defineProperty(Service, "$options", { "value": T.buildOpt() }),
+                    Object.defineProperty(ServicePrototype, "$options", { "value": Service["$options"] }),
+                    Object.defineProperty(Service, "$type", { "value": T }),
+                    Object.defineProperty(ServicePrototype, "$type", { "value": T });
+
+                return Service;
+
+            })(ProtoBuf, this);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Service = Service;
+
+        /**
+         * Abstract service method.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service} svc Service
+         * @param {string} name Method name
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
+         */
+        var Method = function(builder, svc, name, options) {
+            T.call(this, builder, svc, name);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Service.Method";
+
+            /**
+             * Options.
+             * @type {Object.<string, *>}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.options = options || {};
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var MethodPrototype = Method.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the method's '$options' property.
+         * @name ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method#buildOpt
+         * @function
+         * @return {Object.<string,*>}
+         */
+        MethodPrototype.buildOpt = NamespacePrototype.buildOpt;
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Service.Method = Method;
+
+        /**
+         * RPC service method.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service} svc Service
+         * @param {string} name Method name
+         * @param {string} request Request message name
+         * @param {string} response Response message name
+         * @param {boolean} request_stream Whether requests are streamed
+         * @param {boolean} response_stream Whether responses are streamed
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
+         * @constructor
+         * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method
+         */
+        var RPCMethod = function(builder, svc, name, request, response, request_stream, response_stream, options) {
+            Method.call(this, builder, svc, name, options);
+
+            /**
+             * @override
+             */
+            this.className = "Service.RPCMethod";
+
+            /**
+             * Request message name.
+             * @type {string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.requestName = request;
+
+            /**
+             * Response message name.
+             * @type {string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.responseName = response;
+
+            /**
+             * Whether requests are streamed
+             * @type {bool}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.requestStream = request_stream;
+
+            /**
+             * Whether responses are streamed
+             * @type {bool}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.responseStream = response_stream;
+
+            /**
+             * Resolved request message type.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.resolvedRequestType = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Resolved response message type.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.resolvedResponseType = null;
+        };
+
+        // Extends Method
+        RPCMethod.prototype = Object.create(Method.prototype);
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Reflect.Service.RPCMethod = RPCMethod;
+
+        return Reflect;
+
+    })(ProtoBuf);
+
+    /**
+     * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.Builder = (function(ProtoBuf, Lang, Reflect) {
+        "use strict";
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Builder.
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Builder
+         * @class Provides the functionality to build protocol messages.
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
+         * @constructor
+         */
+        var Builder = function(options) {
+
+            /**
+             * Namespace.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.ns = new Reflect.Namespace(this, null, ""); // Global namespace
+
+            /**
+             * Namespace pointer.
+             * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.ptr = this.ns;
+
+            /**
+             * Resolved flag.
+             * @type {boolean}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.resolved = false;
+
+            /**
+             * The current building result.
+             * @type {Object.<string,ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|Object>|null}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.result = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Imported files.
+             * @type {Array.<string>}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.files = {};
+
+            /**
+             * Import root override.
+             * @type {?string}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.importRoot = null;
+
+            /**
+             * Options.
+             * @type {!Object.<string, *>}
+             * @expose
+             */
+            this.options = options || {};
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.prototype
+         * @inner
+         */
+        var BuilderPrototype = Builder.prototype;
+
+        // ----- Definition tests -----
+
+        /**
+         * Tests if a definition most likely describes a message.
+         * @param {!Object} def
+         * @returns {boolean}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Builder.isMessage = function(def) {
+            // Messages require a string name
+            if (typeof def["name"] !== 'string')
+                return false;
+            // Messages do not contain values (enum) or rpc methods (service)
+            if (typeof def["values"] !== 'undefined' || typeof def["rpc"] !== 'undefined')
+                return false;
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Tests if a definition most likely describes a message field.
+         * @param {!Object} def
+         * @returns {boolean}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Builder.isMessageField = function(def) {
+            // Message fields require a string rule, name and type and an id
+            if (typeof def["rule"] !== 'string' || typeof def["name"] !== 'string' || typeof def["type"] !== 'string' || typeof def["id"] === 'undefined')
+                return false;
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Tests if a definition most likely describes an enum.
+         * @param {!Object} def
+         * @returns {boolean}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Builder.isEnum = function(def) {
+            // Enums require a string name
+            if (typeof def["name"] !== 'string')
+                return false;
+            // Enums require at least one value
+            if (typeof def["values"] === 'undefined' || !Array.isArray(def["values"]) || def["values"].length === 0)
+                return false;
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Tests if a definition most likely describes a service.
+         * @param {!Object} def
+         * @returns {boolean}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Builder.isService = function(def) {
+            // Services require a string name and an rpc object
+            if (typeof def["name"] !== 'string' || typeof def["rpc"] !== 'object' || !def["rpc"])
+                return false;
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Tests if a definition most likely describes an extended message
+         * @param {!Object} def
+         * @returns {boolean}
+         * @expose
+         */
+        Builder.isExtend = function(def) {
+            // Extends rquire a string ref
+            if (typeof def["ref"] !== 'string')
+                return false;
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        // ----- Building -----
+
+        /**
+         * Resets the pointer to the root namespace.
+         * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype.reset = function() {
+            this.ptr = this.ns;
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Defines a namespace on top of the current pointer position and places the pointer on it.
+         * @param {string} namespace
+         * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype.define = function(namespace) {
+            if (typeof namespace !== 'string' || !Lang.TYPEREF.test(namespace))
+                throw Error("illegal namespace: "+namespace);
+            namespace.split(".").forEach(function(part) {
+                var ns = this.ptr.getChild(part);
+                if (ns === null) // Keep existing
+                    this.ptr.addChild(ns = new Reflect.Namespace(this, this.ptr, part));
+                this.ptr = ns;
+            }, this);
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Creates the specified definitions at the current pointer position.
+         * @param {!Array.<!Object>} defs Messages, enums or services to create
+         * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder} this
+         * @throws {Error} If a message definition is invalid
+         * @expose
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype.create = function(defs) {
+            if (!defs)
+                return this; // Nothing to create
+            if (!Array.isArray(defs))
+                defs = [defs];
+            else {
+                if (defs.length === 0)
+                    return this;
+                defs = defs.slice();
+            }
+
+            // It's quite hard to keep track of scopes and memory here, so let's do this iteratively.
+            var stack = [defs];
+            while (stack.length > 0) {
+                defs = stack.pop();
+
+                if (!Array.isArray(defs)) // Stack always contains entire namespaces
+                    throw Error("not a valid namespace: "+JSON.stringify(defs));
+
+                while (defs.length > 0) {
+                    var def = defs.shift(); // Namespaces always contain an array of messages, enums and services
+
+                    if (Builder.isMessage(def)) {
+                        var obj = new Reflect.Message(this, this.ptr, def["name"], def["options"], def["isGroup"], def["syntax"]);
+
+                        // Create OneOfs
+                        var oneofs = {};
+                        if (def["oneofs"])
+                            Object.keys(def["oneofs"]).forEach(function(name) {
+                                obj.addChild(oneofs[name] = new Reflect.Message.OneOf(this, obj, name));
+                            }, this);
+
+                        // Create fields
+                        if (def["fields"])
+                            def["fields"].forEach(function(fld) {
+                                if (obj.getChild(fld["id"]|0) !== null)
+                                    throw Error("duplicate or invalid field id in "+obj.name+": "+fld['id']);
+                                if (fld["options"] && typeof fld["options"] !== 'object')
+                                    throw Error("illegal field options in "+obj.name+"#"+fld["name"]);
+                                var oneof = null;
+                                if (typeof fld["oneof"] === 'string' && !(oneof = oneofs[fld["oneof"]]))
+                                    throw Error("illegal oneof in "+obj.name+"#"+fld["name"]+": "+fld["oneof"]);
+                                fld = new Reflect.Message.Field(this, obj, fld["rule"], fld["keytype"], fld["type"], fld["name"], fld["id"], fld["options"], oneof, def["syntax"]);
+                                if (oneof)
+                                    oneof.fields.push(fld);
+                                obj.addChild(fld);
+                            }, this);
+
+                        // Push children to stack
+                        var subObj = [];
+                        if (def["enums"])
+                            def["enums"].forEach(function(enm) {
+                                subObj.push(enm);
+                            });
+                        if (def["messages"])
+                            def["messages"].forEach(function(msg) {
+                                subObj.push(msg);
+                            });
+                        if (def["services"])
+                            def["services"].forEach(function(svc) {
+                                subObj.push(svc);
+                            });
+
+                        // Set extension ranges
+                        if (def["extensions"]) {
+                            if (typeof def["extensions"][0] === 'number') // pre 5.0.1
+                                obj.extensions = [ def["extensions"] ];
+                            else
+                                obj.extensions = def["extensions"];
+                        }
+
+                        // Create on top of current namespace
+                        this.ptr.addChild(obj);
+                        if (subObj.length > 0) {
+                            stack.push(defs); // Push the current level back
+                            defs = subObj; // Continue processing sub level
+                            subObj = null;
+                            this.ptr = obj; // And move the pointer to this namespace
+                            obj = null;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        subObj = null;
+
+                    } else if (Builder.isEnum(def)) {
+
+                        obj = new Reflect.Enum(this, this.ptr, def["name"], def["options"], def["syntax"]);
+                        def["values"].forEach(function(val) {
+                            obj.addChild(new Reflect.Enum.Value(this, obj, val["name"], val["id"]));
+                        }, this);
+                        this.ptr.addChild(obj);
+
+                    } else if (Builder.isService(def)) {
+
+                        obj = new Reflect.Service(this, this.ptr, def["name"], def["options"]);
+                        Object.keys(def["rpc"]).forEach(function(name) {
+                            var mtd = def["rpc"][name];
+                            obj.addChild(new Reflect.Service.RPCMethod(this, obj, name, mtd["request"], mtd["response"], !!mtd["request_stream"], !!mtd["response_stream"], mtd["options"]));
+                        }, this);
+                        this.ptr.addChild(obj);
+
+                    } else if (Builder.isExtend(def)) {
+
+                        obj = this.ptr.resolve(def["ref"], true);
+                        if (obj) {
+                            def["fields"].forEach(function(fld) {
+                                if (obj.getChild(fld['id']|0) !== null)
+                                    throw Error("duplicate extended field id in "+obj.name+": "+fld['id']);
+                                // Check if field id is allowed to be extended
+                                if (obj.extensions) {
+                                    var valid = false;
+                                    obj.extensions.forEach(function(range) {
+                                        if (fld["id"] >= range[0] && fld["id"] <= range[1])
+                                            valid = true;
+                                    });
+                                    if (!valid)
+                                        throw Error("illegal extended field id in "+obj.name+": "+fld['id']+" (not within valid ranges)");
+                                }
+                                // Convert extension field names to camel case notation if the override is set
+                                var name = fld["name"];
+                                if (this.options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'])
+                                    name = ProtoBuf.Util.toCamelCase(name);
+                                // see #161: Extensions use their fully qualified name as their runtime key and...
+                                var field = new Reflect.Message.ExtensionField(this, obj, fld["rule"], fld["type"], this.ptr.fqn()+'.'+name, fld["id"], fld["options"]);
+                                // ...are added on top of the current namespace as an extension which is used for
+                                // resolving their type later on (the extension always keeps the original name to
+                                // prevent naming collisions)
+                                var ext = new Reflect.Extension(this, this.ptr, fld["name"], field);
+                                field.extension = ext;
+                                this.ptr.addChild(ext);
+                                obj.addChild(field);
+                            }, this);
+
+                        } else if (!/\.?google\.protobuf\./.test(def["ref"])) // Silently skip internal extensions
+                            throw Error("extended message "+def["ref"]+" is not defined");
+
+                    } else
+                        throw Error("not a valid definition: "+JSON.stringify(def));
+
+                    def = null;
+                    obj = null;
+                }
+                // Break goes here
+                defs = null;
+                this.ptr = this.ptr.parent; // Namespace done, continue at parent
+            }
+            this.resolved = false; // Require re-resolve
+            this.result = null; // Require re-build
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Propagates syntax to all children.
+         * @param {!Object} parent
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function propagateSyntax(parent) {
+            if (parent['messages']) {
+                parent['messages'].forEach(function(child) {
+                    child["syntax"] = parent["syntax"];
+                    propagateSyntax(child);
+                });
+            }
+            if (parent['enums']) {
+                parent['enums'].forEach(function(child) {
+                    child["syntax"] = parent["syntax"];
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Imports another definition into this builder.
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>} json Parsed import
+         * @param {(string|{root: string, file: string})=} filename Imported file name
+         * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder} this
+         * @throws {Error} If the definition or file cannot be imported
+         * @expose
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype["import"] = function(json, filename) {
+            var delim = '/';
+
+            // Make sure to skip duplicate imports
+
+            if (typeof filename === 'string') {
+
+                if (ProtoBuf.Util.IS_NODE)
+                    filename = require("path")['resolve'](filename);
+                if (this.files[filename] === true)
+                    return this.reset();
+                this.files[filename] = true;
+
+            } else if (typeof filename === 'object') { // Object with root, file.
+
+                var root = filename.root;
+                if (ProtoBuf.Util.IS_NODE)
+                    root = require("path")['resolve'](root);
+                if (root.indexOf("\\") >= 0 || filename.file.indexOf("\\") >= 0)
+                    delim = '\\';
+                var fname = root + delim + filename.file;
+                if (this.files[fname] === true)
+                    return this.reset();
+                this.files[fname] = true;
+            }
+
+            // Import imports
+
+            if (json['imports'] && json['imports'].length > 0) {
+                var importRoot,
+                    resetRoot = false;
+
+                if (typeof filename === 'object') { // If an import root is specified, override
+
+                    this.importRoot = filename["root"]; resetRoot = true; // ... and reset afterwards
+                    importRoot = this.importRoot;
+                    filename = filename["file"];
+                    if (importRoot.indexOf("\\") >= 0 || filename.indexOf("\\") >= 0)
+                        delim = '\\';
+
+                } else if (typeof filename === 'string') {
+
+                    if (this.importRoot) // If import root is overridden, use it
+                        importRoot = this.importRoot;
+                    else { // Otherwise compute from filename
+                        if (filename.indexOf("/") >= 0) { // Unix
+                            importRoot = filename.replace(/\/[^\/]*$/, "");
+                            if (/* /file.proto */ importRoot === "")
+                                importRoot = "/";
+                        } else if (filename.indexOf("\\") >= 0) { // Windows
+                            importRoot = filename.replace(/\\[^\\]*$/, "");
+                            delim = '\\';
+                        } else
+                            importRoot = ".";
+                    }
+
+                } else
+                    importRoot = null;
+
+                for (var i=0; i<json['imports'].length; i++) {
+                    if (typeof json['imports'][i] === 'string') { // Import file
+                        if (!importRoot)
+                            throw Error("cannot determine import root");
+                        var importFilename = json['imports'][i];
+                        if (importFilename === "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto")
+                            continue; // Not needed and therefore not used
+                        importFilename = importRoot + delim + importFilename;
+                        if (this.files[importFilename] === true)
+                            continue; // Already imported
+                        if (/\.proto$/i.test(importFilename) && !ProtoBuf.DotProto)       // If this is a light build
+                            importFilename = importFilename.replace(/\.proto$/, ".json"); // always load the JSON file
+                        var contents = ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(importFilename);
+                        if (contents === null)
+                            throw Error("failed to import '"+importFilename+"' in '"+filename+"': file not found");
+                        if (/\.json$/i.test(importFilename)) // Always possible
+                            this["import"](JSON.parse(contents+""), importFilename); // May throw
+                        else
+                            this["import"](ProtoBuf.DotProto.Parser.parse(contents), importFilename); // May throw
+                    } else // Import structure
+                        if (!filename)
+                            this["import"](json['imports'][i]);
+                        else if (/\.(\w+)$/.test(filename)) // With extension: Append _importN to the name portion to make it unique
+                            this["import"](json['imports'][i], filename.replace(/^(.+)\.(\w+)$/, function($0, $1, $2) { return $1+"_import"+i+"."+$2; }));
+                        else // Without extension: Append _importN to make it unique
+                            this["import"](json['imports'][i], filename+"_import"+i);
+                }
+                if (resetRoot) // Reset import root override when all imports are done
+                    this.importRoot = null;
+            }
+
+            // Import structures
+
+            if (json['package'])
+                this.define(json['package']);
+            if (json['syntax'])
+                propagateSyntax(json);
+            var base = this.ptr;
+            if (json['options'])
+                Object.keys(json['options']).forEach(function(key) {
+                    base.options[key] = json['options'][key];
+                });
+            if (json['messages'])
+                this.create(json['messages']),
+                this.ptr = base;
+            if (json['enums'])
+                this.create(json['enums']),
+                this.ptr = base;
+            if (json['services'])
+                this.create(json['services']),
+                this.ptr = base;
+            if (json['extends'])
+                this.create(json['extends']);
+
+            return this.reset();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Resolves all namespace objects.
+         * @throws {Error} If a type cannot be resolved
+         * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder} this
+         * @expose
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype.resolveAll = function() {
+            // Resolve all reflected objects
+            var res;
+            if (this.ptr == null || typeof this.ptr.type === 'object')
+                return this; // Done (already resolved)
+
+            if (this.ptr instanceof Reflect.Namespace) { // Resolve children
+
+                this.ptr.children.forEach(function(child) {
+                    this.ptr = child;
+                    this.resolveAll();
+                }, this);
+
+            } else if (this.ptr instanceof Reflect.Message.Field) { // Resolve type
+
+                if (!Lang.TYPE.test(this.ptr.type)) {
+                    if (!Lang.TYPEREF.test(this.ptr.type))
+                        throw Error("illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.type);
+                    res = (this.ptr instanceof Reflect.Message.ExtensionField ? this.ptr.extension.parent : this.ptr.parent).resolve(this.ptr.type, true);
+                    if (!res)
+                        throw Error("unresolvable type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.type);
+                    this.ptr.resolvedType = res;
+                    if (res instanceof Reflect.Enum) {
+                        this.ptr.type = ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"];
+                        if (this.ptr.syntax === 'proto3' && res.syntax !== 'proto3')
+                            throw Error("proto3 message cannot reference proto2 enum");
+                    }
+                    else if (res instanceof Reflect.Message)
+                        this.ptr.type = res.isGroup ? ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"] : ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"];
+                    else
+                        throw Error("illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.type);
+                } else
+                    this.ptr.type = ProtoBuf.TYPES[this.ptr.type];
+
+                // If it's a map field, also resolve the key type. The key type can be only a numeric, string, or bool type
+                // (i.e., no enums or messages), so we don't need to resolve against the current namespace.
+                if (this.ptr.map) {
+                    if (!Lang.TYPE.test(this.ptr.keyType))
+                        throw Error("illegal key type for map field in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.keyType);
+                    this.ptr.keyType = ProtoBuf.TYPES[this.ptr.keyType];
+                }
+
+            } else if (this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method) {
+
+                if (this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod) {
+                    res = this.ptr.parent.resolve(this.ptr.requestName, true);
+                    if (!res || !(res instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message))
+                        throw Error("Illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.requestName);
+                    this.ptr.resolvedRequestType = res;
+                    res = this.ptr.parent.resolve(this.ptr.responseName, true);
+                    if (!res || !(res instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message))
+                        throw Error("Illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.responseName);
+                    this.ptr.resolvedResponseType = res;
+                } else // Should not happen as nothing else is implemented
+                    throw Error("illegal service type in "+this.ptr.toString(true));
+
+            } else if (
+                !(this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf) && // Not built
+                !(this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension) && // Not built
+                !(this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.Value) // Built in enum
+            )
+                throw Error("illegal object in namespace: "+typeof(this.ptr)+": "+this.ptr);
+
+            return this.reset();
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the protocol. This will first try to resolve all definitions and, if this has been successful,
+         * return the built package.
+         * @param {(string|Array.<string>)=} path Specifies what to return. If omitted, the entire namespace will be returned.
+         * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|!Object.<string,*>}
+         * @throws {Error} If a type could not be resolved
+         * @expose
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype.build = function(path) {
+            this.reset();
+            if (!this.resolved)
+                this.resolveAll(),
+                this.resolved = true,
+                this.result = null; // Require re-build
+            if (this.result === null) // (Re-)Build
+                this.result = this.ns.build();
+            if (!path)
+                return this.result;
+            var part = typeof path === 'string' ? path.split(".") : path,
+                ptr = this.result; // Build namespace pointer (no hasChild etc.)
+            for (var i=0; i<part.length; i++)
+                if (ptr[part[i]])
+                    ptr = ptr[part[i]];
+                else {
+                    ptr = null;
+                    break;
+                }
+            return ptr;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Similar to {@link ProtoBuf.Builder#build}, but looks up the internal reflection descriptor.
+         * @param {string=} path Specifies what to return. If omitted, the entire namespace wiil be returned.
+         * @param {boolean=} excludeNonNamespace Excludes non-namespace types like fields, defaults to `false`
+         * @returns {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} Reflection descriptor or `null` if not found
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype.lookup = function(path, excludeNonNamespace) {
+            return path ? this.ns.resolve(path, excludeNonNamespace) : this.ns;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns a string representation of this object.
+         * @return {string} String representation as of "Builder"
+         * @expose
+         */
+        BuilderPrototype.toString = function() {
+            return "Builder";
+        };
+
+        // ----- Base classes -----
+        // Exist for the sole purpose of being able to "... instanceof ProtoBuf.Builder.Message" etc.
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.Message
+         */
+        Builder.Message = function() {};
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.Enum
+         */
+        Builder.Enum = function() {};
+
+        /**
+         * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.Message
+         */
+        Builder.Service = function() {};
+
+        return Builder;
+
+    })(ProtoBuf, ProtoBuf.Lang, ProtoBuf.Reflect);
+
+    /**
+     * @alias ProtoBuf.Map
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.Map = (function(ProtoBuf, Reflect) {
+        "use strict";
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs a new Map. A Map is a container that is used to implement map
+         * fields on message objects. It closely follows the ES6 Map API; however,
+         * it is distinct because we do not want to depend on external polyfills or
+         * on ES6 itself.
+         *
+         * @exports ProtoBuf.Map
+         * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Field} field Map field
+         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} contents Initial contents
+         * @constructor
+         */
+        var Map = function(field, contents) {
+            if (!field.map)
+                throw Error("field is not a map");
+
+            /**
+             * The field corresponding to this map.
+             * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Field}
+             */
+            this.field = field;
+
+            /**
+             * Element instance corresponding to key type.
+             * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Element}
+             */
+            this.keyElem = new Reflect.Element(field.keyType, null, true, field.syntax);
+
+            /**
+             * Element instance corresponding to value type.
+             * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Element}
+             */
+            this.valueElem = new Reflect.Element(field.type, field.resolvedType, false, field.syntax);
+
+            /**
+             * Internal map: stores mapping of (string form of key) -> (key, value)
+             * pair.
+             *
+             * We provide map semantics for arbitrary key types, but we build on top
+             * of an Object, which has only string keys. In order to avoid the need
+             * to convert a string key back to its native type in many situations,
+             * we store the native key value alongside the value. Thus, we only need
+             * a one-way mapping from a key type to its string form that guarantees
+             * uniqueness and equality (i.e., str(K1) === str(K2) if and only if K1
+             * === K2).
+             *
+             * @type {!Object<string, {key: *, value: *}>}
+             */
+            this.map = {};
+
+            /**
+             * Returns the number of elements in the map.
+             */
+            Object.defineProperty(this, "size", {
+                get: function() { return Object.keys(this.map).length; }
+            });
+
+            // Fill initial contents from a raw object.
+            if (contents) {
+                var keys = Object.keys(contents);
+                for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+                    var key = this.keyElem.valueFromString(keys[i]);
+                    var val = this.valueElem.verifyValue(contents[keys[i]]);
+                    this.map[this.keyElem.valueToString(key)] =
+                        { key: key, value: val };
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        var MapPrototype = Map.prototype;
+
+        /**
+         * Helper: return an iterator over an array.
+         * @param {!Array<*>} arr the array
+         * @returns {!Object} an iterator
+         * @inner
+         */
+        function arrayIterator(arr) {
+            var idx = 0;
+            return {
+                next: function() {
+                    if (idx < arr.length)
+                        return { done: false, value: arr[idx++] };
+                    return { done: true };
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Clears the map.
+         */
+        MapPrototype.clear = function() {
+            this.map = {};
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Deletes a particular key from the map.
+         * @returns {boolean} Whether any entry with this key was deleted.
+         */
+        MapPrototype["delete"] = function(key) {
+            var keyValue = this.keyElem.valueToString(this.keyElem.verifyValue(key));
+            var hadKey = keyValue in this.map;
+            delete this.map[keyValue];
+            return hadKey;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an iterator over [key, value] pairs in the map.
+         * @returns {Object} The iterator
+         */
+        MapPrototype.entries = function() {
+            var entries = [];
+            var strKeys = Object.keys(this.map);
+            for (var i = 0, entry; i < strKeys.length; i++)
+                entries.push([(entry=this.map[strKeys[i]]).key, entry.value]);
+            return arrayIterator(entries);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an iterator over keys in the map.
+         * @returns {Object} The iterator
+         */
+        MapPrototype.keys = function() {
+            var keys = [];
+            var strKeys = Object.keys(this.map);
+            for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++)
+                keys.push(this.map[strKeys[i]].key);
+            return arrayIterator(keys);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an iterator over values in the map.
+         * @returns {!Object} The iterator
+         */
+        MapPrototype.values = function() {
+            var values = [];
+            var strKeys = Object.keys(this.map);
+            for (var i = 0; i < strKeys.length; i++)
+                values.push(this.map[strKeys[i]].value);
+            return arrayIterator(values);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Iterates over entries in the map, calling a function on each.
+         * @param {function(this:*, *, *, *)} cb The callback to invoke with value, key, and map arguments.
+         * @param {Object=} thisArg The `this` value for the callback
+         */
+        MapPrototype.forEach = function(cb, thisArg) {
+            var strKeys = Object.keys(this.map);
+            for (var i = 0, entry; i < strKeys.length; i++)
+                cb.call(thisArg, (entry=this.map[strKeys[i]]).value, entry.key, this);
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Sets a key in the map to the given value.
+         * @param {*} key The key
+         * @param {*} value The value
+         * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Map} The map instance
+         */
+        MapPrototype.set = function(key, value) {
+            var keyValue = this.keyElem.verifyValue(key);
+            var valValue = this.valueElem.verifyValue(value);
+            this.map[this.keyElem.valueToString(keyValue)] =
+                { key: keyValue, value: valValue };
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Gets the value corresponding to a key in the map.
+         * @param {*} key The key
+         * @returns {*|undefined} The value, or `undefined` if key not present
+         */
+        MapPrototype.get = function(key) {
+            var keyValue = this.keyElem.valueToString(this.keyElem.verifyValue(key));
+            if (!(keyValue in this.map))
+                return undefined;
+            return this.map[keyValue].value;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Determines whether the given key is present in the map.
+         * @param {*} key The key
+         * @returns {boolean} `true` if the key is present
+         */
+        MapPrototype.has = function(key) {
+            var keyValue = this.keyElem.valueToString(this.keyElem.verifyValue(key));
+            return (keyValue in this.map);
+        };
+
+        return Map;
+    })(ProtoBuf, ProtoBuf.Reflect);
+
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a .proto string and returns the Builder.
+     * @param {string} proto .proto file contents
+     * @param {(ProtoBuf.Builder|string|{root: string, file: string})=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
+     * @param {(string|{root: string, file: string})=} filename The corresponding file name if known. Must be specified for imports.
+     * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder} Builder to create new messages
+     * @throws {Error} If the definition cannot be parsed or built
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.loadProto = function(proto, builder, filename) {
+        if (typeof builder === 'string' || (builder && typeof builder["file"] === 'string' && typeof builder["root"] === 'string'))
+            filename = builder,
+            builder = undefined;
+        return ProtoBuf.loadJson(ProtoBuf.DotProto.Parser.parse(proto), builder, filename);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a .proto string and returns the Builder. This is an alias of {@link ProtoBuf.loadProto}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {string} proto .proto file contents
+     * @param {(ProtoBuf.Builder|string)=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
+     * @param {(string|{root: string, file: string})=} filename The corresponding file name if known. Must be specified for imports.
+     * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder} Builder to create new messages
+     * @throws {Error} If the definition cannot be parsed or built
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.protoFromString = ProtoBuf.loadProto; // Legacy
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a .proto file and returns the Builder.
+     * @param {string|{root: string, file: string}} filename Path to proto file or an object specifying 'file' with
+     *  an overridden 'root' path for all imported files.
+     * @param {function(?Error, !ProtoBuf.Builder=)=} callback Callback that will receive `null` as the first and
+     *  the Builder as its second argument on success, otherwise the error as its first argument. If omitted, the
+     *  file will be read synchronously and this function will return the Builder.
+     * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
+     * @return {?ProtoBuf.Builder|undefined} The Builder if synchronous (no callback specified, will be NULL if the
+     *   request has failed), else undefined
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.loadProtoFile = function(filename, callback, builder) {
+        if (callback && typeof callback === 'object')
+            builder = callback,
+            callback = null;
+        else if (!callback || typeof callback !== 'function')
+            callback = null;
+        if (callback)
+            return ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(typeof filename === 'string' ? filename : filename["root"]+"/"+filename["file"], function(contents) {
+                if (contents === null) {
+                    callback(Error("Failed to fetch file"));
+                    return;
+                }
+                try {
+                    callback(null, ProtoBuf.loadProto(contents, builder, filename));
+                } catch (e) {
+                    callback(e);
+                }
+            });
+        var contents = ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(typeof filename === 'object' ? filename["root"]+"/"+filename["file"] : filename);
+        return contents === null ? null : ProtoBuf.loadProto(contents, builder, filename);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a .proto file and returns the Builder. This is an alias of {@link ProtoBuf.loadProtoFile}.
+     * @function
+     * @param {string|{root: string, file: string}} filename Path to proto file or an object specifying 'file' with
+     *  an overridden 'root' path for all imported files.
+     * @param {function(?Error, !ProtoBuf.Builder=)=} callback Callback that will receive `null` as the first and
+     *  the Builder as its second argument on success, otherwise the error as its first argument. If omitted, the
+     *  file will be read synchronously and this function will return the Builder.
+     * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
+     * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder|undefined} The Builder if synchronous (no callback specified, will be NULL if the
+     *   request has failed), else undefined
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.protoFromFile = ProtoBuf.loadProtoFile; // Legacy
+
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new empty Builder.
+     * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Builder options, defaults to global options set on ProtoBuf
+     * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder} Builder
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.newBuilder = function(options) {
+        options = options || {};
+        if (typeof options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'] === 'undefined')
+            options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'] = ProtoBuf.convertFieldsToCamelCase;
+        if (typeof options['populateAccessors'] === 'undefined')
+            options['populateAccessors'] = ProtoBuf.populateAccessors;
+        return new ProtoBuf.Builder(options);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a .json definition and returns the Builder.
+     * @param {!*|string} json JSON definition
+     * @param {(ProtoBuf.Builder|string|{root: string, file: string})=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
+     * @param {(string|{root: string, file: string})=} filename The corresponding file name if known. Must be specified for imports.
+     * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder} Builder to create new messages
+     * @throws {Error} If the definition cannot be parsed or built
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.loadJson = function(json, builder, filename) {
+        if (typeof builder === 'string' || (builder && typeof builder["file"] === 'string' && typeof builder["root"] === 'string'))
+            filename = builder,
+            builder = null;
+        if (!builder || typeof builder !== 'object')
+            builder = ProtoBuf.newBuilder();
+        if (typeof json === 'string')
+            json = JSON.parse(json);
+        builder["import"](json, filename);
+        builder.resolveAll();
+        return builder;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a .json file and returns the Builder.
+     * @param {string|!{root: string, file: string}} filename Path to json file or an object specifying 'file' with
+     *  an overridden 'root' path for all imported files.
+     * @param {function(?Error, !ProtoBuf.Builder=)=} callback Callback that will receive `null` as the first and
+     *  the Builder as its second argument on success, otherwise the error as its first argument. If omitted, the
+     *  file will be read synchronously and this function will return the Builder.
+     * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
+     * @return {?ProtoBuf.Builder|undefined} The Builder if synchronous (no callback specified, will be NULL if the
+     *   request has failed), else undefined
+     * @expose
+     */
+    ProtoBuf.loadJsonFile = function(filename, callback, builder) {
+        if (callback && typeof callback === 'object')
+            builder = callback,
+            callback = null;
+        else if (!callback || typeof callback !== 'function')
+            callback = null;
+        if (callback)
+            return ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(typeof filename === 'string' ? filename : filename["root"]+"/"+filename["file"], function(contents) {
+                if (contents === null) {
+                    callback(Error("Failed to fetch file"));
+                    return;
+                }
+                try {
+                    callback(null, ProtoBuf.loadJson(JSON.parse(contents), builder, filename));
+                } catch (e) {
+                    callback(e);
+                }
+            });
+        var contents = ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(typeof filename === 'object' ? filename["root"]+"/"+filename["file"] : filename);
+        return contents === null ? null : ProtoBuf.loadJson(JSON.parse(contents), builder, filename);
+    };
+
+    return ProtoBuf;
+});

src/config.js

@@ -66,12 +66,18 @@ require.config({
         "xss":                      "node_modules/xss/dist/xss",
         "xss.noconflict":           "src/xss.noconflict",
 
+        // OMEMO/libsignal requirements
+        "Long":                     "3rdparty/long",
+        "protobuf":                 "3rdparty/protobuf",
+        "bytebuffer":               "3rdparty/bytebuffer",
+        "libsignal":                "3rdparty/libsignal-protocol-javascript/dist/libsignal-protocol",
+
         // Converse
         "converse":                 "src/converse",
 
         "converse-bookmarks":       "src/converse-bookmarks",
+        "converse-caps":            "src/converse-caps",
         "converse-chatboxes":       "src/converse-chatboxes",
-        "converse-caps":           "src/converse-caps",
         "converse-chatview":        "src/converse-chatview",
         "converse-controlbox":      "src/converse-controlbox",
         "converse-core":            "src/converse-core",
@@ -87,6 +93,7 @@ require.config({
         "converse-muc":             "src/converse-muc",
         "converse-muc-views":       "src/converse-muc-views",
         "converse-notification":    "src/converse-notification",
+        "converse-omemo":           "src/converse-omemo",
         "converse-otr":             "src/converse-otr",
         "converse-ping":            "src/converse-ping",
         "converse-profile":         "src/converse-profile",

src/converse-omemo.js

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2013-2018, the Converse.js developers
 // Licensed under the Mozilla Public License (MPLv2)
 
-/*global libsignal */
 (function (root, factory) {
     define([
         "converse-core",
-        "tpl!toolbar_omemo"
+        "tpl!toolbar_omemo",
+        "libsignal"
     ], factory);
-}(this, function (converse, tpl_toolbar_omemo) {
+}(this, function (converse, tpl_toolbar_omemo, libsignal) {
 
     const { Backbone, Promise, Strophe, sizzle, $build, _, b64_sha1 } = converse.env;
 
@@ -25,10 +25,6 @@
 
     converse.plugins.add('converse-omemo', {
 
-        enabled (_converse) {
-            return !_.isNil(window.libsignal);
-        },
-
         overrides: {
             ChatBoxView:  {