PeerJS docs

PeerJS simplifies peer-to-peer data, video, and audio calls.

This guide will show you the basic concepts of the PeerJS API.

Setup

1. Include the Javascript client

Add the PeerJS client library to your webpage.

<script src="https://unpkg.com/peerjs@1.3.1/dist/peerjs.min.js"></script>

If you prefer, you can host it yourself: peerjs.min.js, or fork us on Github.

2. Create the Peer object

The Peer object is where we create and receive connections.

var peer = new Peer();

PeerJS uses PeerServer for session metadata and candidate signaling. You can also run your own PeerServer if you don't like the cloud.

We're now ready to start making connections!

Usage

Every Peer object is assigned a random, unique ID when it's created.

peer.on('open', function(id) {
  console.log('My peer ID is: ' + id);
});

When we want to connect to another peer, we'll need to know their peer id. You're in charge of communicating the peer IDs between users of your site. Optionally, you can pass in your own IDs to the Peer constructor .

Read the Peer API reference for complete information on its options, methods, events, and error handling.

Data connections

Start a data connection by calling peer.connect with the peer ID of the destination peer. Anytime another peer attempts to connect to your peer ID, you'll receive a connection event.

var conn = peer.connect('dest-peer-id');

peer.on('connection', function(conn) { ... });

peer.connect and the callback of the connection event will both provide a DataConnection object. This object will allow you to send and receive data:

conn.on('open', function() {
  // Receive messages
  conn.on('data', function(data) {
    console.log('Received', data);
  });

  // Send messages
  conn.send('Hello!');
});

Read the DataConnection API reference for complete details on its methods and events.

Video/audio calls

Call another peer by calling peer.call with the peer ID of the destination peer. When a peer calls you, the call event is emitted.

Unlike data connections, when receiving a call event, the call must be answered or no connection is established.

// Call a peer, providing our mediaStream
var call = peer.call('dest-peer-id',
  mediaStream);

peer.on('call', function(call) {
  // Answer the call, providing our mediaStream
  call.answer(mediaStream);
});

When calling or answering a call, a MediaStream should be provided. The MediaStream represents the local video (webcam) or audio stream and can be obtained with some (browser-specific) version of navigator.getUserMedia . When answering a call, the MediaStream is optional and if none is provided then a one-way call is established. Once the call is established, its open property is set to true.

peer.call and the callback of the call event provide a MediaConnection object. The MediaConnection object itself emits a stream event whose callback includes the video/audio stream of the other peer.

call.on('stream', function(stream) {
  // `stream` is the MediaStream of the remote peer.
  // Here you'd add it to an HTML video/canvas element.
});

Read the MediaConnection API reference for complete details on its methods and events.

Common questions

What kind of data can I send?

PeerJS has the BinaryPack serialization format built-in. This means you can send any JSON type as well as binary Blobs and ArrayBuffers. Simply send arbitrary data and you'll get it out the other side:

conn.send({
  strings: 'hi!',
  numbers: 150,
  arrays: [1,2,3],
  evenBinary: new Blob([1,2,3]),
  andMore: {bool: true}
});

Are there any caveats?

A small percentage of users are behind symmetric NATs. When two symmetric NAT users try to connect to each other, NAT traversal is impossible and no connection can be made. A workaround is to proxy through the connection through a TURN server. The PeerServer cloud service provides a free TURN server. This will allow your PeerJS app to work seamlessly for this situation

How do I use a TURN server?

When creating your Peer object, pass in the ICE servers as the config key of the options hash.

var peer = new Peer({
  config: {'iceServers': [
    { url: 'stun:stun.l.google.com:19302' },
    { url: 'turn:homeo@turn.bistri.com:80', credential: 'homeo' }
  ]} /* Sample servers, please use appropriate ones */
});

What if my peer has not yet connected to the server when I attempt to connect to it?

When you try to connect to a peer, PeerServer will hold a connection offer for up to 5 seconds before rejecting it. This is useful if you want to reconnect to a peer as it disconnects and reconnects rapidly between web pages.

Why am I unable to connect?

You could be behind a symmetric NAT, in which case you'll need to set up a TURN server.

Another possible issue is your network blocking port 443, which the PeerServer cloud runs on. In this you must use your own PeerServer running on an appropriate port instead of the cloud service.

What about latency/bandwidth?

Data sent between the two peers do not touch any other servers, so the connection speed is limited only by the upload and download rates of the two peers. This also means you don't have the additional latency of an intermediary server.

The latency to establish a connection can be split into two components: the brokering of data and the identification of clients. PeerJS has been designed to minimize the time you spend in these two areas. For brokering, data is sent through an XHR streaming request before a WebSocket connection is established, then through WebSockets. For client identification, we provide you the ability to pass in your own peer IDs, thus eliminating the RTT for retrieving an ID from the server.

More questions?

Discuss PeerJS on our Telegram channel.