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        <a href="." >État</a>
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                                <h1 id="state">State</h1>
<h3 id="arbre-d&#xE9;tat-unique">Arbre d&apos;&#xE9;tat unique</h3>
<p>Vuex utilise un <strong>arbre d&apos;&#xE9;tat unique</strong>, c&apos;est-&#xE0;-dire que cet unique objet contient tout l&apos;&#xE9;tat au niveau applicatif et sert de &#xAB; source de v&#xE9;rit&#xE9; unique &#xBB;. Cela signifie &#xE9;galement que vous n&apos;aurez qu&apos;un seul store pour chaque application. Un arbre d&apos;&#xE9;tat unique rend rapide la localisation d&apos;une partie sp&#xE9;cifique de l&apos;&#xE9;tat et permet de facilement prendre des instantan&#xE9;s de l&apos;&#xE9;tat actuel de l&apos;application &#xE0; des fins de d&#xE9;bogage.</p>
<p>L&apos;arbre d&apos;&#xE9;tat unique n&apos;entre pas en conflit avec la modularit&#xE9;. Dans les prochains chapitres, nous examinerons comment s&#xE9;parer votre &#xE9;tat et vos mutations dans des sous-modules.</p>
<h3 id="r&#xE9;cup&#xE9;ration-d&#xE9;tat-vuex-dans-des-composants-vue">R&#xE9;cup&#xE9;ration d&apos;&#xE9;tat Vuex dans des composants Vue</h3>
<p>Alors, comment affichons-nous l&apos;&#xE9;tat du store dans nos composants Vue ? Puisque les stores Vuex sont r&#xE9;actifs, la fa&#xE7;on la plus simple d&apos;y &#xAB; r&#xE9;cup&#xE9;rer &#xBB; l&apos;&#xE9;tat est tout simplement de retourner une partie de l&apos;&#xE9;tat depuis une <a href="https://fr.vuejs.org/guide/computed.html" target="_blank">une propri&#xE9;t&#xE9; calcul&#xE9;e</a> :</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// cr&#xE9;ons un composant Counter</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> Counter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  template<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token string">`&lt;div&gt;{{ count }}&lt;/div&gt;`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  computed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    count <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> store<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Lorsque <code>store.state.count</code> change, cela entrainera la r&#xE9;&#xE9;valuation de la propri&#xE9;t&#xE9; calcul&#xE9;e, et d&#xE9;clenchera les actions associ&#xE9;es au DOM.</p>
<p>Cependant, ce mod&#xE8;le oblige le composant &#xE0; compter sur le singleton global du store. Lorsqu&apos;on utilise un syst&#xE8;me de module, il est n&#xE9;cessaire d&apos;importer le store dans tous les composants qui utilisent l&apos;&#xE9;tat du store, et il est &#xE9;galement n&#xE9;cessaire de le simuler lorsque l&apos;on teste le composant.</p>
<p>Vuex fournit un m&#xE9;canisme pour &#xAB; injecter &#xBB; le store dans tous les composants enfants du composant racine avec l&apos;option <code>store</code> (activ&#xE9;e par <code>Vue.use(Vuex)</code>) :</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  el<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&apos;#app&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// fournit le store avec l&apos;option `store`.</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// cela injectera l&apos;instance du store dans tous les composants enfants.</span>
  store<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  components<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> Counter <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  template<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token string">`
    &lt;div class=&quot;app&quot;&gt;
      &lt;counter&gt;&lt;/counter&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  `</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>En fournissant l&apos;option <code>store</code> &#xE0; l&apos;instance racine, le store sera inject&#xE9; dans tous les composants enfants de la racine et sera disponible dans ces derniers avec <code>this.$store</code>. Mettons &#xE0; jour notre impl&#xE9;mentation de <code>Counter</code> :</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> Counter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  template<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token string">`&lt;div&gt;{{ count }}&lt;/div&gt;`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  computed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    count <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$store<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="la-fonction-utilitaire-mapstate">La fonction utilitaire <code>mapState</code></h3>
<p>Lorsqu&apos;un composant a besoin d&apos;utiliser plusieurs accesseurs ou propri&#xE9;t&#xE9;s de l&apos;&#xE9;tat du store, d&#xE9;clarer toutes ces propri&#xE9;t&#xE9;s calcul&#xE9;es peut devenir r&#xE9;p&#xE9;titif et verbeux. Afin de pallier &#xE0; &#xE7;a, nous pouvons utiliser la fonction utilitaire <code>mapState</code> qui g&#xE9;n&#xE8;re des fonctions d&apos;accession pour nous et nous &#xE9;pargne quelques coups de clavier :</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// dans la version compl&#xE8;te, des fonctions utilitaires sont expos&#xE9;es telles que `Vuex.mapState`</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mapState <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&apos;vuex&apos;</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
  computed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">mapState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// les fonctions fl&#xE9;ch&#xE9;es peuvent rendre le code tr&#xE8;s succinct !</span>
    count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> state <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token punctuation">,</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// passer la valeur litt&#xE9;rale &apos;count&apos; revient &#xE0; &#xE9;crire `state =&gt; state.count`</span>
    countAlias<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&apos;count&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// pour acc&#xE9;der &#xE0; l&apos;&#xE9;tat local avec `this`, une fonction normale doit &#xEA;tre utilis&#xE9;e</span>
    countPlusLocalState <span class="token punctuation">(</span>state<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>localCount
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Il est &#xE9;galement possible de fournir un tableau de chaines de caract&#xE8;res &#xE0; <code>mapState</code> lorsque le nom de la propri&#xE9;t&#xE9; calcul&#xE9;e associ&#xE9;e est le m&#xEA;me que le nom de l&apos;&#xE9;tat du store.</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">computed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">mapState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// attacher `this.count` &#xE0; `store.state.count`</span>
  <span class="token string">&apos;count&apos;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="op&#xE9;rateur-de-d&#xE9;composition">Op&#xE9;rateur de d&#xE9;composition</h3>
<p>Notez que <code>mapState</code> renvoie un objet. Comment l&apos;utiliser en compl&#xE9;ment des autres propri&#xE9;t&#xE9;s calcul&#xE9;es locales ? Normalement, il faudrait utiliser un outil pour fusionner les multiples objets en un seul afin de passer cet objet final &#xE0; <code>computed</code>. Cependant avec l&apos;<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Op%C3%A9rateurs/Op%C3%A9rateur_de_d%C3%A9composition" target="_blank">op&#xE9;rateur de d&#xE9;composition</a> (qui est une proposition stage-3 ECMASCript), nous pouvons grandement simplifier la syntaxe :</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">computed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  localComputed <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* ... */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// rajouter cet objet dans l&apos;objet `computed` avec l&apos;op&#xE9;rateur de d&#xE9;composition</span>
  <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token function">mapState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="les-composants-peuvent-toujours-avoir-un-&#xE9;tat-local">Les composants peuvent toujours avoir un &#xE9;tat local</h3>
<p>Utiliser Vuex ne signifie pas que vous devez mettre <strong>tout</strong> votre &#xE9;tat dans Vuex. Bien que le fait de mettre plus d&apos;&#xE9;tats dans Vuex rende vos mutations d&apos;&#xE9;tat plus explicites et plus d&#xE9;bogable, parfois il peut aussi rendre le code plus verbeux et indirect. Si une partie de l&apos;&#xE9;tat appartient directement &#xE0; un seul composant, il est parfaitement sain de la laisser dans l&apos;&#xE9;tat local. Assurez-vous de prendre en compte les avantages et inconv&#xE9;nients d&apos;une telle d&#xE9;cision afin de vous adapter au mieux aux besoins de votre application.</p>

                                
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