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                                <h1 id="a&#xE7;&#xF5;es">A&#xE7;&#xF5;es</h1>
<p>As a&#xE7;&#xF5;es s&#xE3;o semelhantes &#xE0;s muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es, as diferen&#xE7;as s&#xE3;o as seguintes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Em vez de mudar o estado, as a&#xE7;&#xF5;es confirmam muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es.</li>
<li>As a&#xE7;&#xF5;es podem conter opera&#xE7;&#xF5;es ass&#xED;ncronas arbitr&#xE1;rias.
Vamos registrar uma simples a&#xE7;&#xE3;o:</li>
</ul>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vuex<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Store</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  state<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    count<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  mutations<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    increment <span class="token punctuation">(</span>state<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token operator">++</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    increment <span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;increment&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Os manipuladores de a&#xE7;&#xE3;o recebem um objeto de contexto que exp&#xF5;e o mesmo conjunto de m&#xE9;todos / propriedades na inst&#xE2;ncia da <em>store</em> , para que voc&#xEA; possa chamar <code>context.commit</code> para confirmar uma muta&#xE7;&#xE3;o ou acessar o estado e os getters atrav&#xE9;s do <code>context.state</code> e do <code>contexto. getters</code>.
Veremos por que esse objeto de contexto n&#xE3;o &#xE9; a pr&#xF3;pria inst&#xE2;ncia da <em>store</em>  quando apresentamos <a href="modules.html">M&#xF3;dulos</a> mais tarde.</p>
<p>Na pr&#xE1;tica, muitas vezes usamos ES2015 <a href="https://github.com/lukehoban/es6features#destructuring" target="_blank">desestrutura&#xE7;&#xE3;o de argumentos</a> para simplificar um pouco o c&#xF3;digo(especialmente quando precisamos chamar <code>commit</code> v&#xE1;rias vezes):</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  increment <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;increment&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="a&#xE7;&#xF5;es-de-despacho">A&#xE7;&#xF5;es de Despacho</h3>
<p>As a&#xE7;&#xF5;es s&#xE3;o acionadas com o m&#xE9;todo <code>store.dispatch</code>:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;increment&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Isso pode parecer &#xF3;bvio &#xE0; primeira vista: se quisermos incrementar a contagem, por que n&#xE3;o chamamos `store.commit (&apos;incremento&apos;) diretamente? Lembre-se de que <strong> as muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es devem ser s&#xED;ncronas </strong>? As a&#xE7;&#xF5;es n&#xE3;o. Podemos executar <strong> opera&#xE7;&#xF5;es ass&#xED;ncronas </strong> dentro de uma a&#xE7;&#xE3;o:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  incrementAsync <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;increment&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>As a&#xE7;&#xF5;es suportam o mesmo formato de carga &#xFA;til e despacho de estilo de objeto:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// dispatch com payload</span>
store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;incrementAsync&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  amount<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// dispatch com objeto</span>
store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&apos;incrementAsync&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  amount<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Um exemplo mais pr&#xE1;tico de a&#xE7;&#xF5;es reais seria uma a&#xE7;&#xE3;o para fazer check-out de um carrinho de compras, que envolve <strong> chamar uma API ass&#xED;ncrona </strong> e <strong> confirmar m&#xFA;ltiplas muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es </strong>:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  checkout <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit<span class="token punctuation">,</span> state <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> products<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// salva os itens que est&#xE3;o no carrinho</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> savedCartItems <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">...</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>cart<span class="token punctuation">.</span>added<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// enviar solicita&#xE7;&#xE3;o de checkout</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// limpa o carrinho</span>
    <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>types<span class="token punctuation">.</span>CHECKOUT_REQUEST<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// a API da store aceita um callback bem-sucedido e um callback com falha</span>
    shop<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">buyProducts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
      products<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// callback em caso de sucesso</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>types<span class="token punctuation">.</span>CHECKOUT_SUCCESS<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// callback em caso de falha</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>types<span class="token punctuation">.</span>CHECKOUT_FAILURE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> savedCartItems<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Observe que estamos realizando um fluxo de opera&#xE7;&#xF5;es ass&#xED;ncronas e gravando os efeitos colaterais (muta&#xE7;&#xF5;es de estado) da a&#xE7;&#xE3;o confirmando-os.</p>
<h3 id="a&#xE7;&#xF5;es-de-despacho-em-componentes">A&#xE7;&#xF5;es de Despacho em Componentes</h3>
<p>Voc&#xEA; pode despachar a&#xE7;&#xF5;es em componentes com <code>this. $store.dispatch (&apos;xxx&apos;)</code>, ou usar o auxiliar <code>mapActions</code> que mapeia m&#xE9;todos de componente para chamadas do <code>store.dispatch</code> (esta a&#xE7;&#xE3;o requer a inje&#xE7;&#xE3;o root <code>store</code>):</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mapActions <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&apos;vuex&apos;</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
  methods<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token function">mapActions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
      <span class="token string">&apos;increment&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// mapeia `this.increment()` para `this.$store.dispatch(&apos;increment&apos;)`</span>

      <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// `mapActions` also supports payloads:</span>
      <span class="token string">&apos;incrementBy&apos;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// mapeia `this.incrementBy(amount)` para `this.$store.dispatch(&apos;incrementBy&apos;, amount)`</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token operator">...</span><span class="token function">mapActions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      add<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&apos;increment&apos;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// mapeia `this.add()` para `this.$store.dispatch(&apos;increment&apos;)`</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="composi&#xE7;&#xE3;o-de-a&#xE7;&#xF5;es">Composi&#xE7;&#xE3;o de a&#xE7;&#xF5;es</h3>
<p>As a&#xE7;&#xF5;es geralmente s&#xE3;o ass&#xED;ncronas, ent&#xE3;o, como sabemos quando uma a&#xE7;&#xE3;o &#xE9; realizada? E, o mais importante, como podemos compor a&#xE7;&#xF5;es m&#xFA;ltiplas em conjunto para lidar com fluxos ass&#xED;ncronos mais complexos?</p>
<p>A primeira coisa a saber &#xE9; que o <code>store.dispatch</code> pode manipular o Promise retornado pelo manipulador de a&#xE7;&#xE3;o acionado e tamb&#xE9;m retorna Promise:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  actionA <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;someMutation&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Agora, &#xE9; possivel:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;actionA&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>E em outra a&#xE7;&#xE3;o tamb&#xE9;m:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js">actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// ...</span>
  actionB <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> dispatch<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;actionA&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;someOtherMutation&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Por fim, se usarmos <a href="https://tc39.github.io/ecmascript-asyncawait/" target="_blank">async / await</a>, podemos compor nossas a&#xE7;&#xF5;es como esta:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-js"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// Assumindo que `getData ()` e `getOtherData ()` retornam Promessas</span>

actions<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">async</span> actionA <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;gotData&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token keyword">async</span> actionB <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> dispatch<span class="token punctuation">,</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">dispatch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;actionA&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// esperar que `actionA` termine</span>
    <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&apos;gotOtherData&apos;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">getOtherData</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xC9; poss&#xED;vel para um <code>store.dispatch</code> desencadear v&#xE1;rios manipuladores de a&#xE7;&#xE3;o em diferentes m&#xF3;dulos. Neste caso, o valor retornado ser&#xE1; uma Promise que resolve quando todos os manipuladores desencadeados foram resolvidos.</p>
</blockquote>

                                
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